病理生理学实验(英文版)

　　《病理生理学实验=Pathophysiology Experiment：英文》内容翔实，知识系统，写作流畅，图文兼有，不但是留学生病理生理学实验教学优选的教材，也可以作为国内各类医学院校相关专业的教师、学生的参考用书。

Chapter 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND BASIC OPERATIONS OF PATHOPHY- SIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS
　Section 1 COMMON APPARATUS USED IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS
　Section 2 COMMON SPECIES OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
　Section 3 BASIC TECHNIQUES OF OPERATION IN ANIMALS EXPERIMENTS
Chapter 3 CLASSICAL EACHING ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
　Section 4 VERIFICATION EXPERIMENTS
　Experiment 1 EXPERIMENTAL HYPOXIA
　Experiment 2 EXPERIMENTAL HYPERKALEMIA
　Experiment 3 EXPERIMENTAL INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION
　Experiment 4 EXPERIMENTAL HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK
　Experiment 5 EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY EDEMA
　Experiment 6 THE EFFECTS OF AMMONIA ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF RABBIT HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
　Experiment 7 EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE RIGHT HEART FAILURE
　Experiment 8 EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
　Section 5 EXPLORATORY EXPERIMENTS
　Experiment 9 ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISM OF CONVULSION INDUCED BY AMIDOPYIN
　Experiment 10 STUDY ON THE ACTION SITES AND MECHANISMS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
Chapter 4 DESIGNING EXPERIMENT
　Section 6 FUNDAMENTAL PROCEDURE OF EXPERIMENT DESIGN
　Section 7 THE BASIC PRINCIPLE AND PROBLEMS IN EXPERIMENT DESIGN
　Section 8 EXPERIMENT DESIGN OUTLINE
Chapter 5 TIPICAL CASE
　CASE ONE
　CASE TWO
　CASE THREE
　CASE FOUR
　CASE FIVE
　CASE SIX
　CASE SEVEN
　CASE EIGHT
　CASE NINE
REFERENCES

　　Chapter 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
　　Ⅰ. Characterization of pathophysiological experiments
　　Pathophysiology is a subject to explore the rule of origin and evolution of disease processes and underlying mechanism. It focuses on the functional and metabolic alterations and mech- anisms underlying the development of diseases， providing theoretical basis for diagnosis， prev- ention and treatment of diseases.
　　Scientific experiment is an important part of the pathophysiological contents of courses. The useful approaches include (acute and chronic) animal experiments and clinical explores. The acute animal experiments and the classroom discussion of classic cases are the major methods and are suitable for experimental classroom teaching within a limited time.
　　Reproducing human disease via animal model: Duplication limited representative human diseases or pathologic process at the selected experimental animal body under the carefully designed are served as the model for related human disease. The typical copied animal model might represent the changes of the human disease development. Researchers may purposely control or alter certain conditions to explore etiologies， pathogenetic rules and mechanisms of various pathological alterations. The techniques used in pathophysiology study room are still mainly limited in systemic or organic levels， and focus on the functional and metabolic alterations.
　　Ⅱ. Contents of pathophysiological experiments
　　1. Basic knowledge and basic operations of pathophysiological experiments
　　Introduce the nature， characteristics and requirements of pathophysiological experimental courses. Introduce the laboratory equipment and experimental animals， explain and train the popular animal experiment operation technology， the principle and method of experimental design.
　　2. Classical teaching animal experiment of pathophysiology
　　There are many animal experiments in pathophysiology. By choosing eight classical and representative projects， the students can familiar with experimental process， master some scientific experiment skills and depth on the theory knowledge understanding.
　　3. Design experiment
　　In the designed experiment， we give “experiment goal” and “experiment request” briefly， require students refer information and design project after class. Then comment on the result through the opening report way.
　　4. Typical cases
　　Under the analysis of several typical clinical cases， students can propose their own idea and solution by combining the theoretical knowledge and the actual situation， meanwhile， they can further understand the bridge role of pathophysiology between basic and clinical sciences， master pathophysiology knowledge
　　Ⅲ. The aim of pathophysiological experiments
　　(1) Grossly master the basic methods of duplicating acute animal model for human diseases and master the basic operating techniques of pathophysiological experiments.
　　(2) To cultivate abilities of students to analyze and solve problems through discussing the experimental results.
　　(3) To strengthen the training of the students’ thesis writing through writing experimental report.
　　(4) By designing experiments， to inspire the student’s passion to learn， and to cultivate their creativity and consciousness of scientific research.
　　(5) To develop the students’ ability to analyze clinical cases and to lay the foundation of clinical thinking and strategic decision through the discussion of clinical cases.
　　Ⅳ. The requests of pathophysiological experiments
　　1. Prior to the experiment
　　Students should read the experimental guidance carefully， understand the aim and request of the experiment， and then learn its principle and grasp its method. They also need to review the theory by combining the content of the experiment to understand it thoroughly and predict the result of every step in the experiment as well as possible. After group discussion， arrange the division of labor.
　　2. During the experiment
　　First， get animals on time and check equipment and drugs carefully. Second， know the correct method of how to use equipment， examine their function and debug them. Third， operate as the step says and accurately estimate the quantity of drugs that should be used. Then observe phenomena in the process of the experiment carefully and write down primary record following the principle of object and reality at any time. At last， participate in the discussion of experimental contents actively. It should be noted that team members should assist each other， care instruments， save chemical， material， keep clean， safe laboratory.
　　3. After the experiment
　　Students should properly disposed carcasses and clean the experiment equipment and laboratory. They should fill the record in the experimental reports in which describe the results objectively and come up with conclusion of the experiment by analyzing. The reports should be succinct， fluent and clear and they must be handed in to teachers on time.
　　Ⅴ. Writing requests of pathophysiology experimental report
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