| 书名： | 宏观经济学原理（英文版·第8版） |
| 出版社： | 清华大学出版社 |
| 出版日期 | 2023 |
| ISBN号： | 9787302632030 |
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| 本书是康奈尔大学罗伯特·弗兰克教授和曾任美国联邦储备委员会主席的本·伯南克所撰写的宏观经济学入门教材。本书的一大特色是摒弃了以往教材对数学推导的过度依赖，更多地通过范例给出直观的经济学概念和观点。作者引入了一些核心原理，然后通过大量的事例给予说明并加以应用。书中还配有与这些原理相关的问题和练习题，以供学生课后练习使用。 本书适合大专院校经济管理各相关专业用做教材，也可作为普通读者了解宏观经济学的读物。 |
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| 罗伯特•弗兰克（Robert H.Frank），美国康奈尔大学经济学、伦理学与公共政策教授，曾与他人共同著述《赢家通吃的社会》，对消费行为理论有很大影响。 本•伯南克（Ben Shalom Bernanke），美国经济学家，前美联储主席。2022年，获得诺贝尔经济学奖。在普林斯顿大学任教17年，曾担任经济学系主任。2005年担任总统经济顾问委员会主席。2006年出任美联储主席。美国《时代》周刊2009年年度人物。 |
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| 本书是美国康奈尔大学罗伯特·弗兰克教授和2022年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、曾任美联储主席的本·伯南克所撰写的宏观经济学入门教材的影印版。作者摒弃了以往教材对数学推导的过度依赖，更多地通过范例给出直观的经济学概念和观点，同时注重对学生的经济学应用能力的培养，鼓励大家用基本的经济学原理来理解和解释发生在自己周围的一些实际问题。作为宏观经济学入门水平的教材，本书适合大专院校经济管理各相关专业用作教材，也可作为普通读者了解宏观经济学的读物。 |
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| 简 明 目 录 第 1 部分 引言 第 1 章 像经济学家一样思考 1 第 2 部分 宏观经济学：数据与主题 第 2 章 度量经济活动：国内生产总值与失业 31 第 3 章 度量价格水平与通货膨胀 61 第 3 部分 长期经济 第 4 章 经济增长、生产力与生活水平 87 第 5 章 劳动力市场：工人、工资与失业 115 第 6 章 储蓄与资本形成 143 第 7 章 货币、价格与美联储 173 第 8 章 金融市场与国际资本流动 195 第 4 部分 短期经济 第 9 章 经济的短期波动 219 第 10 章 短期的支出与产出 239 第 11 章 稳定经济：美联储的作用 277 第 12 章 总供给、总需求与通货膨胀 317 第 5 部分 国际经济 第 13 章 汇率与开放经济 355 术语表.....................................................................................................................................G-1 ix PART 1 Introduction 1 Thinking Like an Economist 1 PART 2 Macroeconomic: Issues and Data 2 Measuring Economic Activity: GDP and Unemployment 31 3 Measuring the Price Level and Inflation 61 PART 3 The Economy in the Long Run 4 Economic Growth, Productivity, and Living Standards 87 5 The Labor Market: Workers, Wages, and Unemployment 115 6 Saving and Capital Formation 143 7 Money, Prices, and the Federal Reserve 173 8 Financial Markets and International Capital Flows 195 PART 4 The Economy in the Short Run 9 Short-Term Economic Fluctuations: An Introduction 219 10 Spending and Output in the Short Run 239 11 Stabilizing the Economy: The Role of the Fed 277 12 Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and Inflation 317 PART 5 The International Economy 13 Exchange Rates and the Open Economy 355 xi PART I Introduction Chapter 1 Thinking Like an Economist 1 Economics: Studying Choice in a World of Scarcity 2 Applying the Cost-Benefit Principle 3 Economic Surplus 4 Opportunity Cost 4 The Role of Economic Models 5 Three Important Decision Pitfalls 6 Pitfall 1: Measuring Costs and Benefits as Proportions rather than Absolute Dollar Amounts 6 Pitfall 2: Ignoring Implicit Costs 7 Pitfall 3: Failing to Think at the Margin 8 Normative Economics versus Positive Economics 13 Economics: Micro and Macro 13 The Approach of This Text 14 Economic Naturalism 14 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 1.1 15 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 1.2 15 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 1.3 16 Summary 17 • Core Principles 17 • Key Terms 17 • Review Questions 18 • Problems 18 • Answers to Self-Tests 19 • Appendix: Working with Equations, Graphs, and Tables 20 PART 2 Macroeconomic: Issues and Data Chapter 2 Measuring Economic Activity: GDP and Unemployment 31 Gross Domestic Product: Measuring the Nation’s Output 32 Market Value 33 Final Goods and Services 35 Produced in a Country during a Given Period 38 Methods for Measuring GDP 39 The Expenditure Method for Measuring GDP 39 GDP and the Incomes of Capital and Labor 42 Nominal GDP versus Real GDP 45 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 2.1 47 Real GDP and Economic Well-Being 47 Why Real GDP Isn’t the Same as Economic Well-Being 48 Leisure Time 48 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 2.2 48 Nonmarket Economic Activities 49 Environmental Quality and Resource Depletion 49 Quality of Life 49 Poverty and Economic Inequality 50 But GDP Is Related to Economic Well-Being 50 Availability of Goods and Services 50 Health and Education 51 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 2.3 52 Unemployment and the Unemployment Rate 53 Measuring Unemployment 53 The Costs of Unemployment 55 The Duration of Unemployment 56 The Unemployment Rate versus “True” Unemployment 56 Summary 57 • Key Terms 58 • Review Questions 58 • Problems 58 • Answers to Self-Tests 60 Chapter 3 Measuring the Price Level and Inflation 61 The Consumer Price Index and Inflation 62 Inflation 65 Adjusting for Inflation 66 Deflating a Nominal Quantity 66 Indexing to Maintain Buying Power 69 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 3.1 70 Does the CPI Measure “True” Inflation? 71 The Costs of Inflation: Not What You Think 73 The True Costs of Inflation 74 “Noise” in the Price System 74 Distortions of the Tax System 75 “Shoe-Leather” Costs 76 Unexpected Redistributions of Wealth 76 Interference with Long-Term Planning 77 Hyperinflation 77 Inflation and Interest Rates 79 Inflation and the Real Interest Rate 79 The Fisher Effect 82 Summary 83 • Key Terms 83 • Review Questions 84 • Problems 84 • Answers to Self-Tests 85 PART 3 The Economy in the Long Run Chapter 4 Economic Growth, Productivity, and Living Standards 87 The Remarkable Rise in Living Standards: The Record 89 xiii xiv CONTENTS Why “Small” Differences in Growth Rates Matter 91 Why Nations Become Rich: The Crucial Role of Average Labor Productivity 93 The Determinants of Average Labor Productivity 95 Human Capital 95 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 4.1 96 Physical Capital 97 Land and Other Natural Resources 99 Technology 100 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 4.2 101 Entrepreneurship and Management 102 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 4.3 103 The Political and Legal Environment 103 Unemployment 134 Types of Unemployment and Their Costs 135 Frictional Unemployment 135 Structural Unemployment 136 Cyclical Unemployment 136 Impediments to Full Employment 136 Summary 139 • Key Terms 139 • Review Questions 140 • Problems 140 • Answers to Self-Tests 141 Chapter 6 Saving and Capital Formation 143 Saving and Wealth 144 Stocks and Flows 145 The Costs of Economic Growth 105 Promoting Economic Growth 105 Capital Gains and Losses 146 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 6.1 147 Policies to Increase Human Capital 106 Why Do People Save? 149 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 4.4 106 Policies That Promote Saving and Investment 106 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 6.2 149 Saving and the Real Interest Rate 150 Policies That Support Research and Saving, Self-Control, and Demonstration Effects 152 Development 107 The Legal and Political Framework 107 The Poorest Countries: A Special Case? 107 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 6.3 153 National Saving and Its Components 155 The Measurement of National Saving 155 Are There Limits to Growth? 108 Summary 110 • Key Terms 111 • Review Questions 111 • Problems 111 • Answers to Self-Tests 113 Chapter 5 The Labor Market: Workers, Wages, and Unemployment 115 Five Important Labor Market Trends 116 Trends in Real Wages 116 Trends in Employment and Unemployment 117 Private and Public Components of National Saving 157 Public Saving and the Government Budget 158 Is Low Household Saving a Problem? 160 Investment and Capital Formation 161 Saving, Investment, and Financial Markets 163 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 6.4 166 Summary 168 • Key Terms 168 • Review Questions 169 • Problems 169 • Answers to Self-Tests 170 Supply and Demand in the Labor Market 118 Wages and the Demand for Labor 118 Chapter 7 Money, Prices, and the Federal Reserve 173 Shifts in the Demand for Labor 120 Money and Its Uses 174 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 5.1 124 The Supply of Labor 124 Shifts in the Supply of Labor 126 Explaining the Trends in Real Wages and Employment 126 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 7.1 175 Measuring Money 176 Commercial Banks and the Creation of Money 177 Large Increases in Real Wages in Industrialized Countries 127 Real Wage Growth in the United States Has The Money Supply with Both Currency and Deposits 180 The Federal Reserve System 182 Stagnated since the Early 1970s, while Employment Growth Has Been Rapid 127 Increasing Wage Inequality: The Effects of Globalization and Technological Change 129 Globalization 129 Technological Change 131 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 5.2 133 The History and Structure of the Federal Reserve System 183 Controlling the Money Supply: Open-Market Operations 183 The Fed’s Role in Stabilizing Financial Markets: Banking Panics 185 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 7.2 185 CONTENTS xv Money and Prices 188 Velocity 188 Money and Inflation in the Long Run 189 Summary 191 • Key Terms 192 • Review Questions 192 • Problems 192 • Answers to Self-Tests 193 Chapter 8 Financial Markets and International Capital Flows 195 The Financial System and the Allocation of Saving to Productive Uses 196 The Banking System 197 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 8.1 198 Bonds and Stocks 198 Bonds 199 Stocks 200 Bond Markets, Stock Markets, and the Allocation of Savings 203 The Informational Role of Bond and Stock Markets 203 Risk Sharing and Diversification 204 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 8.2 205 International Capital Flows 206 Capital Flows and the Balance of Trade 207 The Determinants of International Capital Flows 209 Saving, Investment, and Capital Inflows 210 The Saving Rate and the Trade Deficit 212 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 8.3 213 Summary 215 • Key Terms 215 • Review Questions 215 • Problems 216 • Answers to Self-Tests 217 PART 4 The Economy in the Short Run Chapter 9 Short-Term Economic Fluctuations: An Introduction 219 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 9.1 220 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 9.4 233 Why Do Short-Term Fluctuations Occur? A Preview and a Tale 234 Alice’s Ice Cream Store: A Tale about Short-Run Fluctuations 235 Summary 236 • Key Terms 237 • Review Questions 237 • Problems 237 • Answers to Self-Tests 238 Chapter 10 Spending and Output in the Short Run 239 The Keynesian Model’s Crucial Assumption: Firms Meet Demand at Preset Prices 241 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 10.1 242 Planned Aggregate Expenditure 243 Planned Spending versus Actual Spending 243 Consumer Spending and the Economy 245 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 10.2 246 Planned Aggregate Expenditure and Output 247 Short-Run Equilibrium Output 250 Finding Short-Run Equilibrium Output: Numerical Approach 251 Finding Short-Run Equilibrium Output: Graphical Approach 252 Planned Spending and the Output Gap 254 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 10.3 256 The Multiplier 257 Stabilizing Planned Spending: The Role of Fiscal Policy 258 Government Purchases and Planned Spending 258 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 10.4 260 Taxes, Transfers, and Aggregate Spending 261 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 10.5 263 Fiscal Policy as a Stabilization Tool: Three Qualifications 264 Fiscal Policy and the Supply Side 265 The Problem of Deficits 265 The Relative Inflexibility of Fiscal Policy 265 Recessions and Expansions 221 Summary 266 • Key Terms 267 • Review THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 9.2 223 Questions 268 • Problems 268 • Answers to Some Facts about Short-Term Economic Fluctuations 224 Output Gaps and Cyclical Unemployment 227 Potential Output 227 The Output Gap 228 The Natural Rate of Unemployment and Cyclical Unemployment 229 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 9.3 230 Okun’s Law 232 Self-Tests 269 • Appendix A: An Algebraic Solution of the Basic Keynesian Model 271 • Appendix B: The Multiplier in the Basic Keynesian Model 274 Chapter 11 Stabilizing the Economy: The Role of the Fed 277 The Federal Reserve and Interest Rates: The Basic Model 278 xvi CONTENTS The Demand for Money 279 Macroeconomic Factors That Affect the Demand for Money 282 The Money Demand Curve 283 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 11.1 284 The Supply of Money and Money Market Equilibrium 286 How the Fed Controls the Nominal Interest Rate 287 The Role of the Federal Funds Rate in Monetary Policy 289 Can the Fed Control the Real Interest Rate? 290 The Federal Reserve and Interest Rates: A Closer Look 291 Can the Fed Fully Control the Money Supply? 291 Affecting Bank Reserves through Open-Market Operations 292 Affecting Bank Reserves through Discount Window Lending 292 Setting and Changing Reserve Requirements 292 Excess Reserves: The Norm since 2008 293 Do Interest Rates Always Move Together? 294 The Zero Lower Bound and the Need for “Unconventional” Monetary Policy 295 Quantitative Easing 295 Forward Guidance 295 Interest on Reserves and the New Tools of Monetary Policy 296 The Effects of Federal Reserve Actions on the Economy 298 Planned Aggregate Expenditure and the Real Interest Rate 298 The Fed Fights a Recession 301 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 11.2 302 The Fed Fights Inflation 303 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 11.3 304 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 11.4 305 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 11.5 305 The Feds Policy Reaction Function 307 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 11.6 307 Monetary Policymaking: Art or Science? 310 Summary 310 • Key Terms 312 • Review Questions 312 • Problems 312 • Answers to Self-Tests 314 • Appendix: Monetary Policy in the Basic Keynesian Model 315 Chapter 12 Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and Inflation 317 Inflation, Spending, and Output: The Aggregate Demand Curve 318 Inflation, the Fed, and Why the AD Curve Slopes Downward 319 Other Reasons for the Downward Slope of the AD Curve 320 Factors That Shift the Aggregate Demand Curve 320 Changes in Spending 321 Changes in the Fed’s Policy Reaction Function 322 Shifts of the AD Curve versus Movements along the AD Curve 322 Inflation and Aggregate Supply 324 Inflation Inertia 325 Inflation Expectations 325 Long-Term Wage and Price Contracts 326 The Output Gap and Inflation 327 No Output Gap: Y = Y* 328 Expansionary Gap: Y > Y* 328 Recessionary Gap: Y < Y* 328 The Aggregate Demand–Aggregate Supply Diagram 329 The Self-Correcting Economy 331 Sources of Inflation 332 Excessive Aggregate Spending 332 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 12.1 334 Inflation Shocks 335 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 12.2 336 Shocks to Potential Output 338 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 12.3 339 Controlling Inflation 341 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 12.4 343 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 12.5 344 Summary 346 • Key Terms 347 • Review Questions 347 • Problems 348 • Answer to Self-Test 349 • Appendix: The Algebra of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 352 PART 5 The International Economy Chapter 13 Exchange Rates and the Open Economy 355 Exchange Rates 357 Nominal Exchange Rates 357 Flexible versus Fixed Exchange Rates 359 The Real Exchange Rate 359 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 13.1 362 The Determination of the Exchange Rate in the Long Run 363 A Simple Theory of Exchange Rates: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) 363 Shortcomings of the PPP Theory 365 CONTENTS xvii The Determination of the Exchange Rate in the Short Run 366 The Foreign Exchange Market: A Supply and Demand Analysis 367 Fixed Exchange Rates 373 How to Fix an Exchange Rate 374 Speculative Attacks 377 Monetary Policy and the Fixed Exchange Rate 378 The Supply of Dollars 367 The Demand for Dollars 368 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 13.4 379 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 13.5 380 The Equilibrium Value of the Dollar 368 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 13.6 380 Changes in the Supply of Dollars 369 Changes in the Demand for Dollars 370 Should Exchange Rates Be Fixed or Flexible? 382 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 13.7 383 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 13.2 370 Summary 384 • Key Terms 385 • Review Monetary Policy and the Exchange Rate 371 THE ECONOMIC NATURALIST 13.3 372 The Exchange Rate as a Tool of Monetary Policy 373 Questions 385 • Problems 386 • Answers to Self-Tests 387 Glossary G-1 |
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