中国人文标识系列:功夫,武术与家国理想(英) 五洲传播出版社

中国功夫，在漫长历史时光中，从来都是闪烁着灿烂的爱国主义光辉。每当国家处于危难之际，总有身怀绝技的武林高手、仁人志士挺身而出，前赴后继：一身报国有万死、须把乾坤力挽回。他们加入国家复兴主流，一次次化险为夷，变乱为治，蹶而复振。

Kung Fu is the culmination of thousands of years of traditional Chinese culture. There are many schools of Chinese Kung Fu, famous ones including Shaolin, Wudang, Tai Chi, Hsing-I and Eight Diagrams. Over thousands of years of continuous development and evolution, Kung Fu has developed into the ultimate form of practical martial arts combat, namely, freestyle grappling.
Though the techniques are constantly changing, the mentality of Chinese Kung Fu to support justice and defend the nation has remained unchanged. As we can see in the history of Chinese Kung Fu, there's a prominent theme of “patriotism” between the lines. This is the supreme core enabling Chinese Kung Fu to continue and flourish.

Contents
Preface 01
Chapter I Kung Fu Is both Martial Arts and Philosophy
Section 1 Bruce Lee: Great Pioneer of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) 002
Section 2 Kung Fu = Martial Arts? 005
Section 3 Evolution History of Kung Fu 008
Chapter II The Spirit of Martial Arts
Section 1 Origin of Wushu 018
Section 2 Shang-Zhou Wushu: Value Justice above Material Gains 022
Section 3 Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period: The Glory of Assassins 027
Section 4 The Han Dynasty: Warriors Shone Like Stars 049
Section 5 Wushu in the Wei-Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties: Integration with Buddhism 059
Section 6 The Prosperous Tang Dynasty: A Sword Equaltoa Million Troops 067
Section 7 The Song Dynasty: 18 Kinds of Kung Fu Skills 079
Section 8 The Yuan Dynasty: Horn Butting Wrestling and Horsemanship and Archery 097
Section 9 The Ming Dynasty: Development of Kung Fu 101
Section 10 The Qing Dynasty: Good at Riding and Shooting 108
Section 11 Fighting to Erase the Humiliating Tag of ‘Sick Man of East Asia’ 112
Section 12 Fight the Japanese with Kung Fu: Defend the Motherland 119
Chapter III Kung Fu: Shaolin in the North and Wudang in the South
Section 1 History of Shaolin Kung Fu 130
Section 2 Wudang Kung Fu: Good at External and Internal Cultivation 142
Chapter IVKung Fu in Chinese Martial Arts Fiction
Section 1 Ancient Kung Fu Fiction: Martial Arts and Swordsmen 152
Section 2 Kung Fu Fiction on Legal Cases 158
Section 3 Old-style Kung Fu Novels 162
Section 4 New-genre Kung Fu Novels 166
Chapter V Kung Fu Movies
Section 1 Heavenly King: Bruce Lee and the Kung Fu Movie 174
Section 2 Chinese Kung Fu and Kung Fu Movies Going Global 182
Appendix
Appendix 1 Main Schools of Chinese Traditional Martial Arts 190
Appendix 2 A Brief Chinese Chronology 197

If the Chinese cultural history is a long river, Kung Fu is a brook that empties into it.
In ancient times, Kung Fu was developed on the basis of the benevolence thought of Confucianism. Confucius praise highly benevolence which refers to the dedication to oneself and others, to family and the state. And it is manifested, ?rst and foremost, in patriotism. Mencius stressed righteousness which refers to the quality to sacri?ce the small self and achieve the greater self. At every crisis of the Chinese nation, there always came forward benevolent men and women who sacrificed their families and served their country with great devotion. Numerous Kung Fu masters expressed their concerns for the people, and gone to the frontier and battle?elds to protect the country. Such aspiration for the greatness of the nation has been perceived as the supreme pursuit of the spirituality in Chinese Kung Fu in all ages.
Xin Qiji (1140-1207), the famous patriotic general and sword master of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), led his army to ?ght against the Jin invaders to recover lost territories in the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains. Yue Fei (1103-1142), the national hero and creator of the Yue’s Spear, practiced Kung Fu since childhood and led his army to fight courageously against the Jin invaders. Unfortunately, he was framed by the traitors and was killed in prison. Qi Jiguang (1528-1588), the Anti-Japanese hero of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and the creator of the Qi’s Boxing, led his army to hit back the Japanese who invaded the southeastern coast of China. Zheng Chenggong (1624-1662), was a renowned general of unusual strength. In 1661, after nine months of heroic battles, he led his men to recapture Taiwan, ending the rule of the Dutch colonists over the island. Guan Tianpei (1781-1841), the “General of the Great Sword”, led 400 men to defend the Humen Fortress in Guangdong against the British aggressors. Hopelessly outnumbered, he was eventually killed in battle.
All of them are famous Kung Fu masters who de?ed violence and resisted invasions. In this process, Chinese Kung Fu has not only served a military function, but also shaped the noble spirit of patriotism.
Besides fighting against enemies in the battlefields, Kung Fu masters of the past generations also applied their patriotic spirits to their daily actions, demonstrating their awe-inspiring righteousness to safeguard the dignity of the nation as well as their unshakeable determination to defend the honour of Chinese Kung Fu. Liang Qichao (1873-1929), a modern ideologist, once wrote a book entitled Kung Fu Spirits in China, enumerating various chivalrous and patriotic examples of Chinese warriors since ancient times to inspire the nation to revive Kung Fu and save the nation. At that time, various schools of Kung Fu also focused on the tenet of practicing Kung Fu to save the nation. In the Shaolin Precepts, circulated at the end of the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), it was explicitly stated that “those who practice Shaolin Kung Fu must take the revitalization of China as their ambition”. The Song of Boxing, which has been passed down in the Wudang Mountain, goes like this, “The true tradition of Tai Chi comes from Wudang, and the essence of Kung Fu is to distinguish Yin and Yang, if one can understand this essence, he or she would also be able to strengthen the country and the people.”
In modern times, there also emerge many Kung Fu masters who commit themselves to defending the nation. Sun Lutang (1860-1933), the famous Kung Fu master of his generation and known as “Top Kung Fu Master of the World”, once fought simultaneously with and defeated ?ve Japanese Jiu-Jitsu masters at the same time, thereby smashing the arrogance of the Japanese. Huo Yuanjia (1868-1910), the famous Kung Fu master, silenced the ridicule and humiliation imposed on the Chinese by foreign boxers, and beat them all in the ring, thereby raising the prestige of the Chinese nation. Han Muxia (1877-1947), another renowned Kung Fu master, defeated the Russian martial artist Kantel, who boasted himself as the “No. 1 Powerful Man in the World”, three times at the World Martial Arts Tournament, demonstrating to the world the power of Chinese Kung Fu and the integrity of the Chinese nation.
For the Chinese, family is the smallest unit of a country while the coun- try is the greatest family for all people. Kung Fu masters have been devoted to carrying forward the patriotic ideology of the Chinese traditional Kung Fu with their actions.
There are many schools of Chinese Kung Fu, including Shaolin, Wudang, Tai Chi, Hsing-I and Eight Diagrams. Over thousands of years of evolution, Kung Fu has developed into an ultimate form of practical martial arts combat, namely, free sparring. In the 1960s, Kung Fu master Bruce Lee (1940-1973),

朱千华，中国作家协会会员，《中国国家地理》杂志、美国《国家地理》杂志资深作家。获首届朱自清文学奖。代表著作有《家山何处》《南方秘境》《挺进大石山》《英雄虎胆》等。

Zhu Qianhua
Member of Chinese Writers Association (CWA), is a senior writer of China National Geographic and National Geographic，and won the first Zhu Ziqing Literature Award. Representative works include Where is Our Home , South Secret Territory, etc.

功夫
中国几千年文化结出的硕果
中国文化史上的一条浩荡巨川
尽管技击方式不断在改变
中国功夫匡扶正义、保家卫国的情怀
一直未变。