醉染图书电力工程设计手册工程测绘9787519803476

序言总前言前言绪论················································ 1 一、电力工程······································· 1 二、电力工程测绘································· 2 篇 厂站工程测绘篇章  平面控制测量························ 7 节  主要内容与流程··························· 7 一、各阶段工作内容及深度····················· 7 二、坐标系统的选择······························· 7 三、平面控制网的建方及精度············ 8 四、测区投影变形大小的估算·················· 8 五、起算点的检验·································· 8 六、坐标系统联测·································· 8 七、平面控制网点位中误差的计算············ 9 八、测量工作流程·································· 9 第二节 GNSS平面控制测量····················· 10 一、控制网主要技术指标························ 10 二、控制网的布设································· 10 三、观测方案的制定······························ 11 四、观测············································· 11 五、观测数据处理································· 11 第三节  导线测量···································· 12 一、主要技术要求································· 12 二、导线的布设···································· 13 三、水平角观测···································· 13 四、距离测量······································· 14 五、数据处理······································· 14 第四节  建筑坐标系统恢复测量················· 16 一、适用阶段与目的······························ 16 二、恢复建筑坐标系统的要求················· 17 三、建筑坐标系统的恢复测量················· 17 四、注意事项······································ 18 第五节  资料与成果································ 18 一、原始资料······································ 18 二、原始数据······································ 18 三、计算书········································· 18 四、技术报告······································ 18 第二章  高程控制测量······················· 19 节  主要内容及流程·························· 19 一、各设计阶段工作深度······················· 19 二、高程基准的选择····························· 19 三、高程控制网精度等级······················· 19 四、首级高程控制测量要求···················· 19 第二节  水准测量··································· 20 一、水准测量技术要求·························· 20 二、水准网布设与埋石·························· 21 三、水准观测······································ 21 四、数据处理······································ 22 第三节  三角高程测量····························· 22 一、技术要求······································ 22 二、垂直角和距离观测··························  三、注意事项······································  四、高差计算······································ 24 五、数据处理······································ 24 第四节GNSS拟合高程测量····················· 24 一、技术要求······································· 24 二、观测要求······································· 24 三、数据处理及精度评定······················· 25 第五节  资料与成果································ 25 一、原始资料······································· 25 二、原始数据······································· 25 三、计算书·········································· 25 四、技术报告······································· 25 第三章  地形测绘········································ 27 节  地形图的内容与精度要求·············· 27 一、地形图的内容································· 27 二、地形图比例尺选择·························· 27 三、地形图精度要求····························· 27 第二节  陆域地形测绘····························· 28 一、地形测绘方法································· 28 二、图根控制测量································· 29 三、碎部测量······································· 30 四、地物测绘······································· 31 五、地貌测绘······································· 36 第三节  水域地形测绘····························· 37 一、水深测量······································· 37 二、测深点定位···································· 39 三、数据处理和成图····························· 39 第四节  地形图数字化与修测···················· 40 一、地形图数字化································· 40 二、地形图修测···································· 42 第五节  地形图整编与检查验收················· 43 一、地形图编辑···································· 43 二、地形图分幅及编号·························· 43 三、图幅接边······································· 44 四、地形图检查···································· 44 五、地形图验收···································· 44 第六节  土石方测量································ 44 一、方格网法······································· 45 二、断面法·········································· 45 三、DTM法········································ 45 四、等高线法······································· 46 第七节  管线及道路测量·························· 46 一、控制测量······································· 46 二、带状地形图与工点地形图测绘··········· 47 三、中桩测设······································· 48 四、断面测量······································· 48 第四章  施工测量与变形测量···················· 49 节  施工控制网测量·························· 49 一、主要技术要求································ 49 二、建立流程······································ 50 三、首级施工控制网的建立···················· 50 四、建筑施工控制网的建立···················· 55 五、施工控制网的维护·························· 55 第二节  施工放样与检测·························· 55 一、测设前的准备································ 55 二、建构筑物放样的常用方法················· 56 三、建筑物的轴线放样·························· 57 四、基槽开挖放样································ 58 五、高耸塔形建构筑物放样···················· 59 六、钢结构高层、超高层建筑物放样········ 59 七、坝体施工放样································ 61 八、管线施工放样································ 64 九、道路放样······································ 67 十、放样检测······································ 75 第三节  变形测量··································· 76 一、基本内容······································ 76 二、精度等级······································ 76 三、变形监测基准网的建立···················· 77 四、水平位移监测································ 79 五、垂直位移监测································ 81 六、倾斜监测······································ 82 七、裂缝监测······································ 83 八、挠度监测······································ 83 九、数据处理······································ 84 第四节  资料与成果································ 84 一、资料············································ 84 二、成果············································ 84 第五章  竣工测量········································ 86 节  细部测量··································· 86 一、一般要求······································ 86 二、测前准备······································ 87 三、细部点测量··································· 87 第二节  总平面图汇编····························· 93 一、一般要求······································ 93 二、竣工总平面图编绘·························· 93 第三节  成果资料及要求·························· 94 一、提交资料······································ 94 二、资料要求及式样····························· 94 第二篇  输电线路工程测绘篇 第六章  架空输电线路工程测绘·············· 101 节  可行研究阶段测绘·················· 101 一、搜集资料····································· 101 二、内业处理····································· 101 三、外业测量····································· 102 四、资料与成果·································· 102 第二节  初步设计阶段测绘····················· 103 一、搜集资料····································· 103 二、现场踏勘与测量···························· 103 三、内业工作····································· 104 四、资料与成果·································· 105 第三节  施工图设计阶段测绘·················· 105 一、选线测量····································· 105 二、定线测量····································· 106 三、平面及高程联测···························· 107 四、平面及断面测量···························· 108 五、定位及检查测量···························· 113 六、改线测量····································· 115 七、资料与成果·································· 116 第四节  专项测绘·································· 117 一、交叉跨越测量······························· 117 二、塔基断面测量······························· 120 三、塔位地形测量······························· 122 四、开方测量····································· 1 五、房屋分布图测量···························· 126 六、林木分布测量······························· 128 七、水文测量····································· 131 八、勘探点放样测量···························· 131 第五节  施工测量·································· 132 一、线路复测····································· 132 二、施工基面及电气开方测量··············· 134 三、基础施工测量······························· 137 四、杆塔施工测量······························· 149 五、架线施工测量······························· 154 六、竣工验收测量······························· 160 七、资料与成果·································· 163 第七章  大跨越工程测绘·························· 173 节  可行研究阶段测绘·················· 173 一、资料收集····································· 173 二、室内工作····································· 173 三、外业工作····································· 174 第二节  初步设计阶段测绘····················· 174 一、资料收集···································· 175 二、平面与高程联测··························· 175 三、定线测量···································· 177 四、平断面图测绘······························ 179 五、房屋分布图测绘··························· 181 六、地形测绘···································· 181 七、林木测绘与调查··························· 182 八、勘探点定位测量··························· 182 第三节  施工图设计阶段测绘·················· 183 一、塔位定位测量······························ 183 二、塔基断面图及塔位地形图测绘········· 184 三、勘探点定位测量··························· 184 四、检查测量···································· 184 第四节  测绘资料与成果························ 185 一、可行研究阶段··························· 185 二、初步设计阶段······························ 185 三、施工图设计阶段··························· 185 第八章  地下电缆工程测绘·······················186 节  带状地形测量··························· 186 一、控制测量···································· 186 二、带状地形图测量··························· 186 三、资料与成果································· 187 第二节  地下障碍物探测························ 187 一、资料搜集与现场踏勘····················· 187 二、探测·········································· 187 三、内业处理···································· 192 四、资料与成果································· 194 第三节  线路测量································· 194 一、选定线测量································· 194 二、曲线测设···································· 194 三、定位测量···································· 194 四、房屋分布测量······························ 195 五、平断面测绘································· 195 六、资料与成果································· 196 第四节  竣工图测量······························ 196 一、资料搜集与整理··························· 196 二、控制点校测································· 196 三、地形图修测································· 196 四、中线测量···································· 196 五、断面测量···································· 197 六、竣工图编绘································· 197 七、资料与成果·································· 197 第九章  海（水）底电缆工程测绘·········· 198 节  路由预选································· 198 一、资料搜集····································· 198 二、踏勘··········································· 198 三、资料整理····································· 199 四、预选路由勘察报告编写·················· 199 五、成果资料····································· 200 第二节  路由勘测································· 200 一、任务目的···································· 200 二、勘测范围及比例尺························ 200 三、海上勘测···································· 201 四、质量检查···································· 205 五、成果资料···································· 205 第三节  竣工图测量······························ 205 一、目的及方法································· 205 二、海域测量···································· 205 三、水下调查···································· 206 四、成果资料···································· 206 第三篇   测绘新技术应用篇 第十章  航测、遥感与激光扫描技术应用··············································· 209 节  数据获取································· 209 一、航空摄影测量······························· 209 二、卫星遥感测量······························· 212 三、激光扫描测量······························· 214 第二节  数据预处理······························ 219 一、航空摄影测量技术························ 219 二、遥感技术····································· 221 三、激光扫描技术······························· 221 第三节  基础控制测量··························· 2 第四节  像片控制测量与调绘测量············ 2 一、航空摄影测量······························· 2 二、卫星遥感测量······························· 227 三、调绘测量····································· 228 第五节DEM和DOM制作····················· 229 一、航空摄影测量······························· 229 二、卫星遥感测量······························· 4 三、激光扫描测量·······························  第六节  内业数字测图···························  一、航测及遥感测量···························  二、激光扫描测量······························· 242 第七节  外业检测与修正························ 244 一、发变电工程图件检测与修正············ 244 二、输电线路工程图件检测与修正········· 245 三、成果资料····································· 247 第八节  地面激光扫描测量技术应用········· 247 一、地形测量····································· 247 二、变形监测····································· 248 三、设备建模····································· 248 十章  海洋测绘中新技术应用·········· 249 节  海洋测绘特点及现状·················· 249 一、基本知识和概念··························· 249 二、电力工程海洋测绘························ 249 三、海洋测绘发展趋势························ 250 第二节  控制测量································· 250 一、平面控制测量······························ 250 二、高程控制测量······························ 253 第三节  地形与水深测量························ 255 一、水位控制测量······························ 255 二、导航定位···································· 256 三、水深测量···································· 259 第四节  海底地貌扫测及障碍物探测········· 265 一、方案设计···································· 265 二、侧扫声呐探测······························ 266 三、多波束扫测································· 269 四、扫床测量···································· 269 五、资料与成果································· 270 第十二章 GNSS卫星定位技术应用······ 271 节 GNSS静态测量························· 271 一、GNSS静态测量原理······················ 271 二、GNSS静态测量作业流程················ 271 三、GNSS静态网设计························· 271 四、GNSS静态外业观测······················ 274 五、GNSS静态内业数据处理················ 275 六、资料与成果································· 278 第二节 GNSS RTK测量························ 278 一、GNSS RTK测量模式····················· 278 二、准备工作···································· 279 三、GNSS RTK控制测量····················· 280 四、GNSS RTK地形测量····················· 281五、GNSS RTK放样测量······················ 282 六、网络RTK测量····························· 283 七、资料与成果·································· 284 第三节 CORS定位测量························· 285 一、CORS系统的组成························· 285 二、CORS测量的基本原理··················· 285 三、接入CORS的要素·················· 286 四、接入CORS的方式分类·················· 286 五、CORS系统的应用························· 286 六、资料与成果·································· 287 第四节  精密单点定位（PPP）测量·········· 287 一、PPP基本原理及特点······················ 287 二、PPP数据处理······························· 288 三、PPP技术的应用···························· 288 四、PPP技术优缺点···························· 289 五、资料与成果·································· 289 第十三章  地理信息系统设计与应用······ 290 节  地理信息系统发展与电力地理信息系统应用现状···························· 290 一、GIS的发展·································· 290 二、电力GIS ····································· 290 第二节  电力工程中GIS应用·················· 291 一、GIS在勘测设计阶段的应用············· 291 二、GIS在施工建设阶段的应用············· 292 三、GIS在运营管理阶段的应用············· 293 四、GIS在电力工程方面的应用······· 294 第三节 GIS设计与开发························· 294 一、电力GIS的主要功能设计··············· 294 二、电力GIS的开发方式····················· 296 三、电力GIS的开发要求····················· 297 四、电力GIS设计与开发的主要步骤······ 299 五、成果资料及要求··························· 299 第四节  电力GIS建设··························· 300 一、系统平台总体建设························ 300 二、系统数据建设······························ 300 三、技术构架建设······························ 303 第五节 GIS维护·································· 304 一、数据维护···································· 304 二、系统维护···································· 304 三、安全维护···································· 305 第四篇   电力测绘工程管理篇 第十四章  策划与前期准备······················ 309 节  工作内容及流程························ 309 第二节  任务接收·································· 309 一、任务来源····································· 309 二、任务书的内容及其接收与评审········· 309 三、任务书下达·································· 310 第三节  资料搜集与分析························ 310 一、资料搜集····································· 310 二、资料的分析·································· 310 第四节  现场踏勘·································· 311 一、现场踏勘内容······························· 311 二、资料的核实与补充························· 311 三、现场踏勘记录······························· 311 第五节  作业指导书编制························ 311 一、编制依据····································· 311 二、编制内容····································· 311 第六节  资源配置·································· 312 一、人力资源配置······························· 312 二、仪器设备配置······························· 313 三、典型工程资源配置························· 317 第七节  后勤保障措施···························· 320 一、生产保障措施······························ 320 二、生活保障措施······························ 321 第八节  勘测大纲编制··························· 321 一、编制依据···································· 321 二、编制内容···································· 321 三、编制要求···································· 322 四、评审和批准································· 322 五、变更·········································· 322 第九节  岗前培训································· 322 一、岗前培训的内容··························· 322 二、岗前培训形式······························ 3 三、岗前培训记录······························ 3 第十五章  实施及过程控制·······················324 节  工程组织与实施························ 324 一、工程组织···································· 324 二、工程实施···································· 324 第二节  质量管理与控制························ 326 一、质量管理职责······························ 326 二、实施前的质量管理························ 326 三、实施过程中的质量管理·················· 326 四、质量控制···································· 327 五、质量信息管理······························· 328 六、工程质量创优······························· 328 七、持续改进····································· 328 第三节  进度和费用的管理与控制············ 328 一、进度管理与控制··························· 328 二、费用管理与控制··························· 329 第四节  职业健康安全与应急管理············ 330 一、职业健康安全管理························ 330 二、应急管理····································· 334 第五节  环境保护与控制························ 335 一、环境保护目标······························· 335 二、环境保护计划措施························ 336 三、工程现场控制······························· 336 第六节  涉密测绘成果保密管理··············· 336 一、测绘成果秘密范围·················· 336 二、涉密测绘成果管理制度·················· 338 三、涉密信息系统及设备的保密措施······ 338 第十六章  收尾与服务······························· 339 节  资料整理及成品校审·················· 339 一、资料整理····································· 339 二、成品校审···································· 340 第二节  资料立卷归档··························· 343 一、纸介质资料立卷归档····················· 343 二、文件立卷归档························ 344 三、归档更改···································· 344 第三节  成品交付及服务························ 344 一、成品交付···································· 344 二、现场服务···································· 345 第四节  工程回访及服务改进·················· 345 一、工程回访···································· 345 二、满意度调查································· 346 三、服务与改进································· 348 附录······························································· 349 附录A 大跨越工程平断面图示例············ 349 附录B 带状地形图样图······················· 插页附录C 综合地下障碍物图····················· 350 主要量的符号及其计量单位······················ 351 参考文献······················································· 352

中国电力工程顾问集团公司作为我国电力勘测设计领域的领军企业，是电力工程服务业的“排头兵”和“队”，始终站在电力行业的制高点，在规划、设计等方面积累了许多成功的经验，具备雄厚的技术力量，以及丰富的工程实践经验和坚实的综合管理能力，代表着中国电力勘察设计的优选水平，有能力承担和完成本系列设计手册的编制工作。

前言《工程测绘》是《电力工程设计手册》系列手册之一。近年来，为适应我国经济的高展及人民生活水平的不断提高对电力的旺盛需求，我国电力工程建设规模迅猛发展，装机容量和各等级输电线路总长度均位列世界首位，各种可能源（风电、生物质发电、光伏发电、地热发电、海洋能发电等）蓬勃发展。在这一过程中，通过我国电力工程测量技术人员的不懈努力，不断研究应用优选的测量技术和手段，不断总结电力工程测量的经验和教训，我国电力工程测量技术取得了长足的进步和发展。本书的编撰，既是对我国长期以来电力工程测绘作业流程和工作经验的总结和提炼，也是对我国近年来电力工程测绘新技术、新方法应用研究的归纳和提升，为今后的电力工程测绘作业提供了有力的规范技术指导。本书可以帮电力工程测绘工作者对项目进行科学化、规范化管理，更好地适应当前的电力工程测绘工作环境和技术发展水平，保测绘成品质量，节约人力资源和工程成本，更高效地完成电力工程测绘工作。同时也可以帮测绘人员在掌握基础知识和规范要求的同时，充分了解电力工程测绘的新工艺、新方法，并迅速掌握其要领。本书共有四篇十六章，内容包括各种电力工程各阶段测绘工作的生产组织、工作目的、工作内容、工作流程、工作深度、测绘方及技要求、提交资料及要求、测绘过程中对成品质量控制的要点及方法等。本书不仅详细介绍了电力工程常规测绘方法，还归纳总结了航空摄影测量与卫星遥感技术、激光扫描测量技术、海洋测绘技术、GNSS测量技术等新技术和新方法在电力工程应用的作业步骤、方法、技术要求和提交资料要求，也对电力工程GIS的设计、开发、应用和维护进行了介绍。本书内容丰富而全面，系统地总结了我国电力工程测绘工作所取得的成就、经验和教训，推广和应用电力工程测绘领域的一些新理论、新技术和新方法，吸取了多个单位多个工程的实际经验，规范了电力工程测量工作的作业方法、作业要求，为工程人员提供了很好的参考。本书主编单位为中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司，参加编写的单位有中国电力工程顾问集团东北电力设计院有限公司、中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院有限公司、中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司、中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司、中国电力工程顾问集团华北电力设计院有限公司。本书由程正逢担任主编，负责本书整体结构设计、工作协调及部分章节的编写，曹玉明、姚麒麟、朱宏波、周勇、付元盛、薛艳东担任副主编，朱宏波编写绪论，薛艳东编写章，于周忠编写第二章，付元盛编写第三章，范汉文编写第四章，邓加娜编写第五章，郝宝诚编写第六章，杨奎生编写第七章，曹玉明编写第八章，王琼编写第九章，徐辉、付江缺、李立瑞、彭鑫编写第十章，姚麒麟、孙良育编写十章，范晓进、王振编写第十二章，周勇、王林、张奇、张健编写第十三章，张海龙、朱宏波编写第十四章，白皓编写第十五章，杨帅编写第十六章。本书可以作为电力工程勘测设计、施工、运行维护等各阶段测绘工作的工具书，也可以作为行业从事工程测绘专业工程技术人员及高等院校相关专业师生的参考书。《工程测绘》编写组 2017年2月

“十三五”重点出版规划项目、出版资；本书总结了我国电力工程测绘工作的成就和经验，介绍了工程测绘领域的新技术、新方法，内容丰富，资料新颖，实用强。