全新计算机文化(英文版 第20版)/(美)琼.詹姆里奇.帕森斯

ContentsModule 11 dIGITAL CONTENT2 dIGITAL BASICS3 Data Representation Basics5 Representing Numbers6 Representing Text9 Bits and Bytes10 CompressionModule 214 dIGITAL dEVICES16 SECTION A: dEVICE BASICS17 Computers19 Circuits and Chips21 Components Maintenance26 SECTION B: dEVICE OPTIONS27 Enterprise Computers28 Personal Computers30 Niche Devices31 Choosing a Digital Device36 SECTION C: PrOCESSOrS ANd mEmOrY37 Microprocessors39 How Processors Work42 Performance45 Random Access Memory46 Read-only Memory48 SECTION d: STOrAGE49 Storage Basics51 Magnetic Storage Technology53 Optical Storage Technology54 Solid State Storage Technology55 Cloud Storage57 Backup61 SECTION E: INPuT ANd OuTPuT62 Add-on Gadgets63 Expansion Ports66 Bluetooth67 Device Drivers68 Display Devices72 Printers74 Things76 Autonomous VehiclesModule 378 NETwOrKS80 SECTION A: NETwOrK BASICS81 Communication Systems82 Communication Channels86 Network Topology88 Network Nodes90 Communication Protocols92 SECTION B: ThE INTErNET93 Background95 Internet Infrastructure96 Packets99 Internet Addresses102 Domain Names106 SECTION C: INTErNET ACCESS107 Connection Basics112 Cable Internet Service113 Telephone Network Internet Service115 Satellite Internet Service116 Mobile Broadband Service118 Wi-Fi Host120 SECTION d: LOCAL ArEA NETwOrKS121 LAN Basics1 Ethernet125 Wi-Fi127 Set Up Your Own Network131 Network Monitoring132 IoT Networks134 SECTION E: FILE ShArING135 File Sharing Basics136 Accessing LAN Files139 Sharing Your Files142 Internet-based Sharing144 TorrentsModule 4146 ThE wEB148 SECTION A: wEB BASICS149 Web Overview150 Evolution152 Web Sites153 Hypertext Links155 URLs160 SECTION B: BrOwSErS161 Browser Basics164 Customization168 Browser Cache172 SECTION C: hTmL173 HTML Basics175 HTML Editing Tols78 CSS180 Dynamic Web Pages182 Site Creation184 SECTION d: hTTP185 HTTP Basics187 Cookies190 HTTPS192 SECTION E: SEArCh ENGINES193 Search Engine Basics198 Formulating Searches201 Search Privacy202 Using Web-based Source MaterialModule 5204 SOCIAL mEdIA206 SECTION A: SOCIAL NETwOrKIN7 The So Media Mix210 So Networking Evolution211 So Networking Basics213 Geoso Networking215 So Network Analytics218 SECTION B: CONTENT COmmuNITIES219 Evolution221 Media Content Communities2 Intellectual Property225 Creative Commons228 SECTION C: BLOGS ANd mOrE229 Blogs2 Microblogs4 Wikis SECTION d: ONLINE COmmuNICATION Communication Matrix240 Email245 Online Chat246 Voice and Video over IP248 SECTION E: SOCIAL mEdI ALuES249 Identity251 Reputation254 PrivacyModule 6258 SOFTwArE260 SECTION A: SOFTwArE BASICS261 Essentials264 Distribution266 Software Licenses271 Fake and Pirated Software272 SECTION B: OPErATING SYSTEmS273 Oraig System Basics277 Microsoft Windows280 macOS282 iOS283 Android284 Chrome OS285 Linux286 Virtual Machines287 SECTION C: APPS ANd APPLICATIONS288 Web Apps290 Mobile Apps291 Local Applications295 Uninstalling Software296 SECTION d: PrOduCTIVITY SOFTwArE297 Office Suite Basics298 Word Processing301 Spreadsheets305 Databases307 Presentations308 SECTION E: FILE mANAGEmENT uTILITIES309 File Basics312 File Management Tools317 Application-based File Management318 Physical File StorageModule 7320 dIgITAl seCurITy322 seCTIOn A: BAsIC seCurITy3 Encryption324 Authentication328 Passwords332 Password Managers334 seCTIOn B: mAlwAre335 Malware Threats336 Computer Viruses338 Computer Worms339 Trojans340 Antivirus Software346 seCTIOn C: OnlIne InTrusIOns347 Intrusion Threats351 Zero-day Attacks352 Netstat353 Firewalls356 seCTIOn d: InTerCepTIOn357 Interception Basics358 Evil Twins359 Address Spoofing360 Digital Certificate Hacks362 IMSI Catchers364 seCTIOn e: sOCIAl engIneerIng365 So Engineering Basics367 Spam371 Phishing372 Pharming374 Rogue Antivirus375 PUAsModule 8376 INFOrmATION SYSTEmS378 SECTION A: INFOrmATION SYSTEm BASICS379 Enterprise Basics383 Transaction Processing Systems385 Management Information Systems386 Decision Support Systems388 Expert Systems390 SECTION B: ENTErPrISE APPLICATIONS391 Ecommerce394 Supply Chain Management396 Customer Relationship Management398 Enterprise Resource Planning400 SECTION C: SYSTEmS ANALYSIS401 System Development Life Cycles402 Planning Phase407 Analysis Phase408 Documentation Tools412 SECTION d: dESIGN ANd ImPLEmENTATION413 Design Phase416 Evaluation and Selection417 Application Specifications419 Implementation Phase421 Documentation and Training422 Conversion and Cutover4 Maintenance Phase426 SECTION E: SYSTEm SECurITY427 Systems at Risk428 Data Centers430 Disaster Recovery Planning431 Data Breaches433 Security MeasuresModule 9436 dATABASES438 SECTION A: dATABASE BASICS439 Oraioal and Analytical Databases444 Database Models452 SECTION B: dATABASE TOOLS453 Database Tool Basics454 Dedicated Applications456 Word Processor Data Tools458 Spreadsheedtatols459 Database Management Systems464 SECTION C: dATABASE dESIGN465 Defining Fields469 Data Types470 Normalization472 Sorting and Indexing474 Designing the interface476 Designing report templates478 SECTION d: SL479 SL Basics481 Adding Records482 Searching for Information485 Updating Fields486 Joining Tables488 SECTION E: BIG dATA489 Big Data Basics492 Big Data Analytics494 NoSLModule 10500 PrOGrAmmING502 SECTION A: PrOGrAm dEVELOPmENT503 Programming Basics505 Program Planning508 Writing Programs512 Program Testing and Documentation516 SECTION B: PrOGrAmmING TOOLS517 Language Evolution521 Compilers and Interpreters5 Paradigms and Languages526 Toolsets528 SECTION C: PrOCEdurAL PrOGrAmmING529 Algorithms532 Pseudocode and Flowcharts535 Flow Control541 Procedural Applications542 SECTION d: OBJECT-OrIENTEd PrOGrAmS543 Objects and Classes545 Inheritance546 Methods and Messages550 OO Program Structure552 OO applications554 SECTION E: dECLArTIE PrOGrAmmING555 The Declarative Paradigm556 Prolog Facts560 Prolog Rules563 Interactive Input564 Declarative Logic565 Declarative ApplicationsContentsModule 11 dIGITAL CONTENT2 dIGITAL BASICS3 Data Representation Basics5 Representing Numbers6 Representing Text9 Bits and Bytes10 CompressionModule 214 dIGITAL dEVICES16 SECTION A: dEVICE BASICS17 Computers19 Circuits and Chips21 Components Maintenance26 SECTION B: dEVICE OPTIONS27 Enterprise Computers28 Personal Computers30 Niche Devices31 Choosing a Digital Device36 SECTION C: PrOCESSOrS ANd mEmOrY37 Microprocessors39 How Processors Work42 Performance45 Random Access Memory46 Read-only Memory48 SECTION d: STOrAGE49 Storage Basics51 Magnetic Storage Technology53 Optical Storage Technology54 Solid State Storage Technology55 Cloud Storage57 Backup61 SECTION E: INPuT ANd OuTPuT62 Add-on Gadgets63 Expansion Ports66 Bluetooth67 Device Drivers68 Display Devices72 Printers74 Things76 Autonomous VehiclesModule 378 NETwOrKS80 SECTION A: NETwOrK BASICS81 Communication Systems82 Communication Channels86 Network Topology88 Network Nodes90 Communication Protocols92 SECTION B: ThE INTErNET93 Background95 Internet Infrastructure96 Packets99 Internet Addresses102 Domain Names106 SECTION C: INTErNET ACCESS107 Connection Basics112 Cable Internet Service113 Telephone Network Internet Service115 Satellite Internet Service116 Mobile Broadband Service118 Wi-Fi Host120 SECTION d: LOCAL ArEA NETwOrKS121 LAN Basics1 Ethernet125 Wi-Fi127 Set Up Your Own Network131 Network Monitoring132 IoT Networks134 SECTION E: FILE ShArING135 File Sharing Basics136 Accessing LAN Files139 Sharing Your Files142 Internet-based Sharing144 TorrentsModule 4146 ThE wEB148 SECTION A: wEB BASICS149 Web Overview150 Evolution152 Web Sites153 Hypertext Links155 URLs160 SECTION B: BrOwSErS161 Browser Basics164 Customization168 Browser Cache172 SECTION C: hTmL173 HTML Basics175 HTML Editing Tols78 CSS180 Dynamic Web Pages182 Site Creation184 SECTION d: hTTP185 HTTP Basics187 Cookies190 HTTPS192 SECTION E: SEArCh ENGINES193 Search Engine Basics198 Formulating Searches201 Search Privacy202 Using Web-based Source MaterialModule 5204 SOCIAL mEdIA206 SECTION A: SOCIAL NETwOrKIN7 The So Media Mix210 So Networking Evolution211 So Networking Basics213 Geoso Networking215 So Network Analytics218 SECTION B: CONTENT COmmuNITIES219 Evolution221 Media Content Communities2 Intellectual Property225 Creative Commons228 SECTION C: BLOGS ANd mOrE229 Blogs2 Microblogs4 Wikis SECTION d: ONLINE COmmuNICATION Communication Matrix240 Email245 Online Chat246 Voice and Video over IP248 SECTION E: SOCIAL mEdI ALuES249 Identity251 Reputation254 PrivacyModule 6258 SOFTwArE260 SECTION A: SOFTwArE BASICS261 Essentials264 Distribution266 Software Licenses271 Fake and Pirated Software272 SECTION B: OPErATING SYSTEmS273 Oraig System Basics277 Microsoft Windows280 macOS282 iOS283 Android284 Chrome OS285 Linux286 Virtual Machines287 SECTION C: APPS ANd APPLICATIONS288 Web Apps290 Mobile Apps291 Local Applications295 Uninstalling Software296 SECTION d: PrOduCTIVITY SOFTwArE297 Office Suite Basics298 Word Processing301 Spreadsheets305 Databases307 Presentations308 SECTION E: FILE mANAGEmENT uTILITIES309 File Basics312 File Management Tools317 Application-based File Management318 Physical File StorageModule 7320 dIgITAl seCurITy322 seCTIOn A: BAsIC seCurITy3 Encryption324 Authentication328 Passwords332 Password Managers334 seCTIOn B: mAlwAre335 Malware Threats336 Computer Viruses338 Computer Worms339 Trojans340 Antivirus Software346 seCTIOn C: OnlIne InTrusIOns347 Intrusion Threats351 Zero-day Attacks352 Netstat353 Firewalls356 seCTIOn d: InTerCepTIOn357 Interception Basics358 Evil Twins359 Address Spoofing360 Digital Certificate Hacks362 IMSI Catchers364 seCTIOn e: sOCIAl engIneerIng365 So Engineering Basics367 Spam371 Phishing372 Pharming374 Rogue Antivirus375 PUAsModule 8376 INFOrmATION SYSTEmS378 SECTION A: INFOrmATION SYSTEm BASICS379 Enterprise Basics383 Transaction Processing Systems385 Management Information Systems386 Decision Support Systems388 Expert Systems390 SECTION B: ENTErPrISE APPLICATIONS391 Ecommerce394 Supply Chain Management396 Customer Relationship Management398 Enterprise Resource Planning400 SECTION C: SYSTEmS ANALYSIS401 System Development Life Cycles402 Planning Phase407 Analysis Phase408 Documentation Tools412 SECTION d: dESIGN ANd ImPLEmENTATION413 Design Phase416 Evaluation and Selection417 Application Specifications419 Implementation Phase421 Documentation and Training422 Conversion and Cutover4 Maintenance Phase426 SECTION E: SYSTEm SECurITY427 Systems at Risk428 Data Centers430 Disaster Recovery Planning431 Data Breaches433 Security MeasuresModule 9436 dATABASES438 SECTION A: dATABASE BASICS439 Oraioal and Analytical Databases444 Database Models452 SECTION B: dATABASE TOOLS453 Database Tool Basics454 Dedicated Applications456 Word Processor Data Tools458 Spreadsheedtatols459 Database Management Systems464 SECTION C: dATABASE dESIGN465 Defining Fields469 Data Types470 Normalization472 Sorting and Indexing474 Designing the interface476 Designing report templates478 SECTION d: SL479 SL Basics481 Adding Records482 Searching for Information485 Updating Fields486 Joining Tables488 SECTION E: BIG dATA489 Big Data Basics492 Big Data Analytics494 NoSLModule 10500 PrOGrAmmING502 SECTION A: PrOGrAm dEVELOPmENT503 Programming Basics505 Program Planning508 Writing Programs512 Program Testing and Documentation516 SECTION B: PrOGrAmmING TOOLS517 Language Evolution521 Compilers and Interpreters5 Paradigms and Languages526 Toolsets528 SECTION C: PrOCEdurAL PrOGrAmmING529 Algorithms532 Pseudocode and Flowcharts535 Flow Control541 Procedural Applications542 SECTION d: OBJECT-OrIENTEd PrOGrAmS543 Objects and Classes545 Inheritance546 Methods and Messages550 OO Program Structure552 OO applications554 SECTION E: dECLArTIE PrOGrAmmING555 The Declarative Paradigm556 Prolog Facts560 Prolog Rules563 Interactive Input564 Declarative Logic565 Declarative Applications

琼？詹姆里奇？帕森斯（June Jamrich Parsons） Parsons博士拥有20多年的大学任教经历，并于1995年获得ICCP认。她于1992年开始编写并创建教育软件，目前是Veative VR Labs的内容总监，以及MediaTechnics公司的作者兼执行战略家。她于2017年获得Franklin Silverman终身成就奖，以表彰她在创作方面的很好成就以及对作家的支持和服务。她还是《Practical Computer Literacy》《Practical PC》《Practical Microsoft Office》《Practical Open Source Office》等书的联合作者，并曾获得很好教材奖。

PrefaceColleGe Graduates of the 21st CenturY are expected to have a BroAd BASe oF KnoWledGe to intelligently address so, political, economic, and legal issues associated with rapidly evolving digital technology. Today’s students have a patchwork of knowledge, acquire fo using various digital devices. New Perspectives on Computer Concepts (NP2018) helps students build a cohesive framework that organizes this acquired knowledge and serves as a foundation for assimilating new concepts eSSentIAl to cAreerS And lIFeStYleS in our digital world.fullY revIsed. NP2018 has been newly reVISed And uPdAted to increase learning effectiveness and to reflect the wide scope of digital devices in use today, with an enhanced focus on the connectivity that pervades modern e nd the security necessary to protect it.tarGeted learnInG suPPort. This award-winning textbook contains layers of targeted learning support for ActIVe leArnInG that keeps students engaged and helps them succeed. Using the MIndtAP dIGItAl PlAtForM, students benefit from interactive feedback and new collaborative opportunities.readInG In the dIsCIPlIne. Short paragraphs and a clear narrative style help studensgrspcncepts and learn HoW to reAd tecHnIcAl MAterIAl.retentIon. What’s the most effective study technique: Taking notes? Reviewing? According to researchers, students study most effectively by simply trying to recall the material they’ve read, seen, or heard. That’s why NP2018 offers contInuouS ASSeSSMent. Embedded ickChecks on just about every page help students recall key concepts while reading and later while reviewing. ickizzes and end-of-module reinforcement promote SucceSSFul leArnInG outcoMeS.hands-on. NP2018 contains plenty of practical information about how to use apps, manage files, create content, configure security software, and more. Try It! activities throughout the book show students how to IMMedIAtelY APPlY concePtS In reAl-World contextS.A fresh approach to So MediA. Sure, students use so media, but are they familiar with underlying concepts, such as the so media honeycomb, geolocation, and sociograms? Are they up to speed with Creative Commons and intellectual property concepts? Do they recognize fake news? And do they understand the relevance of online identity, priva cy, and reputation ma nag ement? Module 5 offers a fresh approach to so media that delves into concepts while also providing practical how-to tips.The latest technology. Digital technology evolves at a fast pace. NP2018 keeps students up to date with raspberry pi, 3D printers, smart appliances, lightning ports, USB-C, accelerometers, gyro sensors, magnetometers, macOS, Windows 10, virtual realit easets, Microsoft Edge, hypervisors, two-factor authentication, Locky ransomware, and more!HANDS-ON PROGRAMMING Module. Programming with Python provides highly interactive programming activities that introduce students to the world of programming without requiring any prior experience. Python is an easy-to-learn language that supports procedural and object-oriented programs.Infographic illustrations. Illustrations based on popular infographic visuals are carefully integrated into the learning path to provide visual scaffolding that is so important to understanding technical concepts.froM the authorSo much has changed since the first edition of Computer Concepts was published in 1994! From year to year, the changes have been subtle, but looking back, it is clear that technology, students, and even education has progressed in amazing and sometimes unexpected directions. As digital technology continues to evolve, New Perspectives continues to keep pace, providing students with up-to-date contenndcgnitive tools that engage and ensure successful learning outcomes.Many of today’s students have substantially more practica xerece with digital devices than their counterparts of twenyyersag, but even these students may lack a cohesive framework for their knowledge.The goal of New Perspectives on Computer Concepts is to bring every student up to speed with computer basics, and then go beyond basic computer literacy to provide students with technical and practical information that every college-educated person would be expected to know.Whether you are an instructor or a student, we hope that you enjoy the learning experience provided by our text-based and technology-based materials.aCKnowledGeMentsThe book would not exist—and certainly wouldn’t arrive on schedule—were it not for the efforts of our media, editorial, and production teams. Grateful thanks to Kate Russillo for her developmental edit and tireless work on every detail of the project; Kathleen McMahon and Amanda Lyons-Li for their executive leadership of the New Perspectives series; Abigail Pufpaff for quickly getting up to speed on all the dimensions of this project; Kabilan Selvakumar and the team at Lumina for managing production; Stacey Lamodi for managing the day-to-day schedule; and our brilliant sales reps for encouraging instructors to adopt this book to enhance their introductory courses.The MediaTechnics team worked tirelessly and deserve a round of applause. Thank you to Tensi Parsons for her extraordinary devotion to desktop publishing and infographic design; Keefe Crowley for his versatile skills in creating videos, taking photos, and compiling test banks; and Chris Robbert for his clear narrations. Dan Oja is our technical guru and digital education visionary; his pioneering efforts to create the first online testing system and interactive digital textbook set a high standard for today’s developers.A spe shout-out in this edition goes to my father, John X. Jamrich, who as a lieon educator and president of Northern Michigan University showed me the value of helping students achieve their goals through education.Additional acknowledgements go to the New Perspectives Advisory Committee members, reviewers, and students who have made a tremendous contribution to every edition of Computer Concepts. Thank you all!June Jamrich Parsons