音像语言的基础:大脑、意义、语法和演变(美)杰肯道夫 著

  Preface
Acknowledgments
PART 1  PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
1  The Complexity of Linguistic Structure
  1.1 A sociological problem
  1.2 The structure of a simple sentence
  1.3 Phonological structure
  1.4 Syntactic structure
  1.5 Semantic/conceptual and spatial structure
  1.6 Connecting the levels
  1.7 Anaphora and unbounded dependencies
2  Language as a Mental Phenomenon
  2.1 What do we mean by "mental" ?
  2.2 How to interpret linguistic notation mentally
  . Knowledge o anuage
  2.4 Comece versus performance
  2.5 Language in a so contex(llto briefly)
3  Combinatoriality
  3.1 The need for an f-mental grammar
  3.2 Some types of rule
    3.2.1 Formation rules and typed variables
    3.2.2 Derivational (transformational) rules
    3.. Constraints
  3.3 Lexical rules
    3.3.1 Lexical formation rules
    3.3.2 Lexical redundancy rules
    3.3.3 Inheritance hierarchies
  3.4 What are rules of grammar?
  3.5 Four challenges for cognitive neuroscience
    3.5.1 The massiveness of the binding problem
    3.5.2 The Problem of 2
    3.5.3 The problem of variables
    3.5.4 Binding in working memory vs. long-term memory
4 Universal Grammar
  4.1 The logic of the argument
  4.2 Getting the hypothesis rit   4.3 Linguistic universals
  4.4 Substantive universals, repertoire of rule types, and architectural universals
  4.5 The balance o inuistic and more general capacities
  4.6 The poverty of the stimulus; the Paradox of Language Acquisition
  4.7 Poverty of the stimulus in word learning
  4.8 How Universal Grammar can be related to genetics
  4.9 Evidence outside ,linguistic structure for Universal Grammar/Language Acquisition Device
    4.9.1 Species-specificity
    4.9.2 Characteristic timing of acquisition
    4.9.3 Dissociations
    4.9.4 Language creation
  4.10 Summary of factorsinvolved in the theory of Universal Grammar
PART Ⅱ  ARCHITECTURAL FOUNDATIONS
5 The Parallel Architecture
  5.1 Introduction to Part Ⅱ
  5.2 A short history of syntactocentrism
  5.3 Tiers and interfaces in phonology
  5.4 Syntax and phonology
  5.5 Semantics as a generative system
  5.6 The tripartite theory and some variants
  5.7 The lexicon and lexical licensing
  5.8 Introduction to argument structure
  5.9 How much of syntactic argument structure can be predicte fo semantics?
    5.9.1 Number of syntactic arguments
    5.9.2 Category of syntactic arguments
    5.9.3 Position of syntactic ~irguments
    5.9.4 Locality of syntactic arguments, and exceptions
  5.10 A tier for grammatical functions?
6 Lexical Storage versus Online Construction
  6.1 Lexical items versus words
  6.2 Lexical items smaller than words
    6.2.1 Productive morphology
    6.2.2 Semiproductive morphology
    6.. The necessity of a heterogeneous theory
  6.3 Psycholinguistic considerations
  6.4 The status of lexical redundancy rules
  6.5 Idioms
  6.6 A class of construetion~il idioms
  6.7 Generalizing the notion of construction
  6.8 The status of inheritance hierarchies
  6.9 Issues of acquisition
  6.10 Universal Grammar as a set of attractors
  6.11 Appendix: Remarks on HPSG and Construction Grammar
7 Implications for Processing
  7.1 The parallel comece architecture forms a basis for a processing architecture
  7.2 How the comece model can constrain theories of processing
  7.3 Remarks on working memory
  7.4 More about lexical access
    7.4.1 Lexical access in perception
    7.4.2 Priming
    7.4.3 Lexical access in production
    7.4.4 Speech errors and tip-of-the-tongue states
    7.4.5 Syntactic priming
  7.5 Structure-constrained moarty
    7.5.1 Fodors view and an alternative
    7.5.2 Interface modules are how integrative modules talk to each other
    7.5.3 The "bi-domain specificity" of interface modules
    7.5.4 Multiple inpusndutputs on the same "blackboard"
    7.5.5 Informational encapsulation among levels of structure
8 An Evolutionary Perspective on the Architecture~
  8.1 The dialectic
  8.2 Bickertons proposal and auxiliary assutin
  8.3 The use of symbols
  8.4 Open class of symbols
  8.5 A generative system for single symbols: proto-phonology
  8.6 Concatenation of symbols to build larger utterances
  8.7 Using linear position to signal semantic relations
  8.8 Phrase structure
  8.9 Vocabulary for relational concepts
  8.10 Grammatical categories and ,the "basic body plan" of syntax
  8.11 Morphology and grammatical functions
  8.12 Universal Grammar as a toolkit again
PART Ⅲ SEMANTIC AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS
9 Semantics as a Mentalistic Enterprise
  9.1 Introduction to part III,
  9.2 Semantics vis-a-vis mainstream generative grammar
  9.3 Meaning and its interfaces
  9.4 Chomsky and Fodor on semantics
  9.5 Some "contextualist" approaches to meaning
  9.6 Is there a specifically linguistic semantics?
  9.7 Four non-ways to separate linguistic semantics from conceptualization
    9.7.1 Semantics = "dictionary"; pragmatics = "encyclopedia"
    9.7.2 Logical vs. nonlogical semantic properties
    9.7.3 Grammatically realized vs. grammatically irrelevant content
    9.7.4 Language-specific semantics implying a spe linguistic semantics
10 Reference and Truth
  10.1 Introduction
  10.2 Problems with the common-sense view: "language"
  10.3 Problems with the common-sense view: "objects"
  10.4 Pushing "the world" into the mind
  10.5 A simple act of deictic reference
  10.6 The functional correlates of consciousness
  10.7 Application to theory of reference
  10.8 Entities other than objects
  10.9 Proper names, kinds, and abstract objects
    10.9.1 Proper names
    10.9.2 Kinds
    10.9.3 Abstract objects
  10.10 Satisfaction and truth
  10.11 Objectivity, error, and the role of the community
11 Lexical Semantics
  11.1 Boundary conditions on theories of lexical meaning
  11.2 The prospects for decoition into primitives
  11.3 Polysemy
  11.4 Taxonomic structure
  11.5 Contributions from perceptual modalities
  11.6 Other than necessary and sufficient conditions
    11.6.1 Categories with graded boundaries
    11.6.2 "Cluster" concepts
  11.7 The same abstract organization in many semantic fields
  11.8 Function-argument structure across semantic fields
    11.8.1 Some basic state- and event-functions
    11.8.2 Building verb meanings
  11.9  lia structure: characteristic activities and purposes
  11.10  Dot objects
  11. 11  Beyond
12 Phrasal Semantics
  12.1 Simple coition
    12.1.1 Argument satisfaction
    12.1.2 Modification
    12.1.3 Lambda extraction and variable binding
    12.1.4 Parallels in lexical semantics
  12.2 Enriched coition
  1. The referential tier
  12.4 Referential dependence and referential frames
  12.5 The information structure (topic/focus) tier
  12.6 Phrasal semantics and Universal Grammar
  12.7 Beyond: discourse, conversation, narrative
13 Concluding Remarks
References
Index