Section 1 History of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 1 History of Spinal Full-endoscopy and Relevant Equipment Development 002
Chapter 2 History of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgical Techniques 011
Section 2 Full-endoscopic instruments and tools
Chapter 3 Current Main Available Spinal Full-endoscopic System in Market 028
Chapter 4 Tools Applied in Full-endoscopic Spinal Procedures 042
Section 3 Applied spine anatomy for full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 5 Applied Anatomy of Cervical Spine for Full-endoscopic Surgery 054
Chapter 6 Applied Anatomy of Thoracic Spine for Full-Endoscopic Surgery 062
Chapter 7 Applied Anatomy of Lumbar Spine for Full-endoscopic Surgery 066
Section 4 Fundamentals of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 8 Anesthesia for Full-endoscopic Spinal Surgery 086
Chapter 9 Operating Room Setup 093
Chapter 10 Optimizing Case Selections in Starting Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery: “The Decision is More Important than the Incision” 094
Section 5 Full-endoscopic cervical spine surgery
Chapter 11 Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Neck Pain 112
Chapter 12 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy 116
Chapter 13 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Cervical Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 124
Chapter 14 Full-endoscopic Cervical Medial Branch Neurotomy 127
Chapter 15 Full-endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy with/without Discectomy through Posterior Approach 135
Chapter 16 Full-endoscopic Cervical Discectomy through Anterior Approach 142
Chapter 17 Full-endoscopic Cervical Ventral Decompression through Anterior Approach for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 151
Chapter 18 Full-endoscopic Cervical Ventral Decompression through Posterior Approach for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 160
Chapter 19 Full-endoscopic Uniportal Odontoidectomy and Decompression of the Anterior Cervicomedullary Junction Using the Retropharyngeal Approach 165
Chapter 20 Full-endoscopic Bilateral Cervical Arcocristectomy through Unilateral Interlaminar Approach 171
Section 6 Full-endoscopic thoracic spine surgery
Chapter 21 Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joint Induced Upper or Mid Back Pain 182
Chapter 22 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Disc Herniation 188
Chapter 23 Strategy for Full-endoscopic Decompression for the Treatment of Thoracic Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum 198
Chapter 24 Full-endoscopic Thoracic Dorsal Ramus Neurotomy for Chronic Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joint Pain 207
Chapter 25 Full-endoscopic Transforaminal Thoracic Discectomy 212
Chapter 26 Full-endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy through Transthoracic Retropleural Approach 219
Chapter 27 Full-endoscopic Resection of Upper Thoracic Local Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Through Anterior Transcorporeal Approach 226
Chapter 28 Full-endoscopic Resection of Bilateral Thoracic Ossified Ligamentum Flavum Through Unilateral Interlaminar Approach 232
Section 7 Full-endoscopic lumbar spine surgery
Chapter 29 Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Low Back Pain 242
Chapter 30 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation 249
Chapter 31 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Lumbar Spine Stenosis 270
Chapter 32 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Discogenic Low Back Pain 279
Chapter 33 Selective Endoscopic Discectomy (SEDTM) Through Posterolateral Approach 297
Chapter 34 Full-endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy Through the Far Lateral Approach 303
Chapter 35 Percutaneous TESSYS Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Transforaminal Approach 308
Chapter 36 Percutaneous LiESS Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Transforaminal Approach 321
Chapter 37 Percutaneous ZESSYSTM Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Transforaminal Approach 345
Chapter 38 Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Transpedicular Approach 350
Chapter 39 Percutaneous Isthmus Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy 360
Chapter 40 Percutaneous Penetration and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Interlaminar Approach 369
Chapter 41 Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Interlaminar Approach 376
Chapter 42 Full-endoscopic Lumbar Decompression Through Transforaminal Approach 381
Chapter 43 Full-endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression 387
Chapter 44 The State of the Art and Progress of Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion 393
Chapter 45 Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion Through Transforaminal Approach 400
Chapter 46 Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion Through Interlaminar Approach 420
Chapter 47 Full-endoscopic Neurotomy of Dorsal Ramus of Lumbosacral Spinal Nerve 439
Chapter 48 Full-endoscopic Resection of Facet Cysts 449
Chapter 49 Full-endoscopic Resection of Osteoid Osteoma in Lumbar Spine 453
Chapter 50 Full-endoscopic Resection of Lumbar Epidural Schwannomas in Intervertebral Foramen 457
Section 8 Complications of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 51 Complications of Full-endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery 464
Chapter 52 Complications of Full-endoscopic Thoracic Spine Surgery 470
Chapter 53 Complications of Full-endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery 477
Section 9 New technologies helping the development of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 54 3D Printing Technology 486
Chapter 55 O-Arm-Based Navigation in Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery 491
Chapter 56 Robot and Intelligent Operating Room 496
Chapter 57 Stem Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering 504
Chapter 58 Annular Repair Techniques 514
Section 10 Training of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 59 Training venues and standards 534
Chapter 60 Training Implementation and Assessment of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery 538
李振宙，医学博士，主任医师，全军骨科研究所微创脊柱外科专业组长,解放军总医院附属医院(原解放军304医院)脊柱外科主任,中华医学会骨科分会微创外科学组委员，中国康复医学会微创脊柱外科学组副主任委员，中国医促会脊柱内镜学组候任主任委员，中华医学会疼痛学分会脊柱内镜学组副主任委员，中国中西医结合学会脊柱内镜学组副主任委员，中国医药教育学会脊柱分会委员兼微创脊柱外科教育工作组副主任委员，中国医师协会骨科分会脊柱微创工作组委员、靠前脊柱内镜外科学会（ISESS）执行委员，SICOT中国部微创脊柱外科学会常委，亚太微创脊柱外科学会理事。
主要介绍了经皮脊柱内镜手术的一些学科内容,主要包括了脊柱解剖\脊柱疾病\脊柱相关手术过程和手术技巧，能够有效缩短在经皮脊柱内镜技术方面的学习曲线。取得更佳的实际学习效果。
主要介绍了经皮脊柱内镜手术的一些学科内容,主要包括了脊柱解剖\脊柱疾病\脊柱相关手术过程和手术技巧，能够有效缩短在经皮脊柱内镜技术方面的学习曲线。取得更佳的实际学习效果。
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