正版新书]计算机科学引论(2021英文精编版)[美]蒂莫西 J. 奥利里

1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,THE INTERNET,AND YOU 2

Introduction 4

Information Systems 4

People 6

Software 7

System Software 7

Application Software 8

Making IT work for you:Free Antivirus Program 9

Hardware 10

Types of Computers 10

Cell Phones 11

Personal Computer Hardware 11

Data 13

Connectivity and the Mobile Internet 14

Careers in IT 15

A Look to the Future:Using and Understanding Information Technology 16

Visual Summary 17

Key Terms 20

Multiple Choice 21

Matching 22

Open-Ended 22

Discussion 23

2 THE INTERNET,THE WEB,AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 24

Introduction 26

The Internet and the Web 26

Making IT work for you:Online Entertainment 28

Internet Access 30

Providers 30

Browsers 30

Web Utilities 32

Filters 32

File Transfer Utilities 32

Internet Security Suites 33

Communication 34

So Networking 34

Blogs,Microblogs,Podcasts,and Wikis 35

Messaging 36

E-mail 37

Search Tools 39

Search Engines 39

Content Evaluation 39

Electronic Commerce 40

Security 41

Cloud Computing 42

The Internet of Things 43

Careers in IT 44

A Look to the Future:Home Smart Home 45

Visual Summary 46

Key Terms 50

Multiple Choice 51

Matching 52

Open-Ended 52

Discussion 53

3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE 54

Introduction 56

Application Software 56

User Interface 56

Common Features 58

General-Purpose Applications 58

Word Processors 58

Spreadsheets 61

Presentation Software 63

Database Management Systems 64

Speized Applications 65

Graphics Programs 65

Video Game Design Software 66

Web Authoring Programs 67

Other Speized Applications 68

Mobile Apps 68

Apps 68

App Stores 69

Software Suites 70

Office Suites 70

Cloud Computing 70

Speized and Utility Suites 70

Careers in IT 71

Making IT work for you:Cloud Office Suites 72

A Look to the Future:VR and AR Applications in the Workplace 74

Visual Summary 75

Key Terms 78

Multiple Choice 79

Matching 80

Open-Ended 80

Discussion 81

4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE 82

Introduction 84

System Software 84

Operating Systems 85

Functions 85

Features 86

Categories 87

Mobile Operating Systems 88

Desktop Operating Systems 89

Windows 89

macOS 89

UNIX and Linux 90

Virtualization 90

Utilities 91

Making IT work for you:Virtual Assistant 92

Operating System Utilities 94

Utility Suites 97

Careers in IT 97

A Look to the Future:Making Better Computers by Making Them More Human 98

Visual Summary 99

Key Terms 102

Multiple Choice 103

Matching 104

Open-Ended 104

Discussion 105

5 THE SYSTEM UNIT 106

Introduction 108

System Unit 108

Smartphones 108

Tablets 108

Laptops 109

Desktops 109

Making IT work for you:Gaming 110

Wearable Computers 112

Components 112

System Board 113

Microprocessor 114

Microprocessor Chips 115

Spety Processors 115

Memory 116

RAM 116

ROM 116

Flash Memory 116

Expansion Cards and Slots 117

Bus Lines 118

Expansion Buses 118

Ports 119

Standard Ports 119

Speized Ports 119

Cables 120

Power Supply 120

Electronic Data and Instructions 121

Numeric Representation 121

Character Encoding 122

Careers in IT 123

A Look to the Future:Brain–Computer Interfaces 124

Visual Summary 125

Key Terms 128

Multiple Choice 129

Matching 130

Open-Ended 130

Discussion 131

6 INPUT AND OUTPUT 132

Introduction 134

What Is Input? 134

Keyboard Entry 134

Keyboards 135

Pointing Devices 136

Touch Screen 136

Mouse 136

Game Controllers 136

Scanning Devices 137

Optical Scanners 137

Card Readers 138

Bar Code Readers 138

RFID Readers 138

Character and Mark Recognition Devices 139

Image Capturing Devices 139

Digital Cameras 139

Webcams 140

Audio-Input Devices 140

Voice Recognition Systems 140

What Is Output? 141

Monitors 141

Features 141

Flat-Panel Monitors 142

E-book Readers 142

Other Monitors 143

Printers 144

Features 144

Inkjet Printers 145

Laser Printers 145

3D Printers 145

Other Printers 145

Audio-Output Devices 146

Combination Input and Output Devices 146

Headsets 146

Multifunctional Devices 147

Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays and Controllers 147

Drones 147

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