正版新书]拍摄者[美] Barry Braverman 著 周令非 译97871154272

第一章  拍摄者的视角 .......................................................................... 1
1.1  观点 ...........................................................................................................2
1.2  不再追逐彩虹 ............................................................................................3
1.3  学会身兼数职 ............................................................................................4
1.4  掌握专业技能 ............................................................................................6
1.5  新观念 .......................................................................................................8
1.6  现在人人都是拍摄者 ..................................................................................8
1.7  雇用你的客户 ............................................................................................9
1.8  你已经拥有足够的能力 ............................................................................10
第二章  让我给你讲个故事 .................................................................. 11
2.1  如何才能把故事讲好？ ............................................................................13
2.2  清楚自己影片的类型并确保观众们也知道 ...............................................13
2.3  你的海报什么样？ ...................................................................................15
2.4  了解自己的海报简述文字 ........................................................................16
2.5  积极面对条件限制 ...................................................................................17
2.6  电影成功的原因各异 ................................................................................18
2.7  你的相对优势 ..........................................................................................18
2.8  限制你的取景 ..........................................................................................19
2.9  了解自己摄影机的动态范围 .....................................................................20
2.10  在魔幻时刻拍摄 .....................................................................................21
2.11  真实性很重要 ........................................................................................21
2.12  故事永不停歇 ........................................................................................22
2.13  职业道德很重要 .....................................................................................23
第三章  用镜头讲故事 ....................................................................... 25
3.1  现在对作品的要求仍然很高 .....................................................................25
3.2  给世界加个框 ..........................................................................................26
3.3  排除，排除，排除！ ................................................................................27
3.4  让观众们受点儿苦 ...................................................................................28
3.5  独特的视角 ..............................................................................................32
3.6  模糊、隐藏和遮挡 ...................................................................................33
3.7  关于透视 ..................................................................................................34
3.8  箱式梁桥 ..................................................................................................36
3.9  三分法 .....................................................................................................37
3.10  黄金画幅比 ............................................................................................39
3.11  引起不适 ................................................................................................39
3.12  拍摄的地方是什么类型？ ......................................................................40
3.13  拥抱经典理论 ........................................................................................41
3.14  手艺很重要 ............................................................................................43
3.15  用特写讲故事 ........................................................................................44
3.16  迂回出击 ................................................................................................46
3.17  保持拍摄尺寸一致性 ..............................................................................46
3.18  视线的力量 ............................................................................................47
3.19  拍摄不完美的对象 .................................................................................48
3.20  故事里的故事 ........................................................................................49
3.21  学会用背景讲故事 .................................................................................50
3.22  我们都是说谎的骗子 ..............................................................................51
3.23  弄清楚自己想要什么 ..............................................................................52
3.24  与极端自我的人一起工作 ......................................................................54
第四章  摄影师的工具箱 .................................................................... 57
4.1  你有很多选择 ..........................................................................................57
4.2  摄像机的变革 ..........................................................................................58
4.3  扫描方式的选择 .......................................................................................61
4.4  2K、4K，以及更高的分辨率 ....................................................................63
4.5  努力突破技术局限 ...................................................................................64
4.6  了解你需要的知识 ...................................................................................65
4.7  技术问题当然重要 ...................................................................................66
4.8  世界的本质 ..............................................................................................66
4.9  脑中的处理器 ..........................................................................................67
4.10  让我们体验一下模拟 ..............................................................................67
4.11  改善数字记录的质量 ..............................................................................68
4.12  一些小知识 ............................................................................................69
4.13  10-bit 工作流程 ....................................................................................71
4.14  你的摄影机符合“10 分钟法则”吗？ ...................................................75
4.15  了解传感器 ............................................................................................77
4.16  在某种程度上，传感器尺寸很重要 ........................................................78
4.17  分辨率的诡计 ........................................................................................79
4.18  人类感知分辨率的极限 ..........................................................................81
4.19  这种数字游戏接近尾声了吗？ ...............................................................81
4.20  网格里的像素 ........................................................................................82
4.21  三片式传感器VS 单片式传感器 .............................................................83
4.22  为什么要压缩？ .....................................................................................84
4.23  出于实际考虑 ........................................................................................85
4.24  冗余，冗余 ............................................................................................86
4.25  你不会错过那些你看不见的东西 ............................................................87
4.26  帧间压缩与帧内压缩 ..............................................................................88
4.27  选择帧速率 ............................................................................................90
4.28  为什么帧频有些不靠谱—是24p 但又不是24p ..................................91
4.29  24p 的种种好处 .....................................................................................93
4.30  现在你能拍摄24p 了 .............................................................................93
4.31  如果你依然喜欢SD 标清 .......................................................................95
4.32  注意了，落伍者们！ ..............................................................................95
4.33  曾几何时 ................................................................................................96
第五章  用数码单反DSLR 讲故事 ...................................................... 99
5.1  性能的问题 ..............................................................................................99
5.2  它并不是摄像机 .....................................................................................100
5.3  不只是低光照能力 .................................................................................100
5.4  负荷削减 ................................................................................................101
5.5  参数设置 ................................................................................................103
5.6  果冻效应 ................................................................................................104
5.7  浅景深：是好事还是坏事？ ...................................................................105
5.8  操控方面的挑战 .....................................................................................106
5.9  监看与回放 ............................................................................................107
5.10  声音功能不健全 ...................................................................................108
5.11  开始工作 ..............................................................................................110
第六章  观察世界的窗口 ................................................................... 113
6.1  控制画面空间 ........................................................................................114
6.2  是否需要讨好拍摄对象 ..........................................................................115
6.3  把创作工具用到极致 ..............................................................................115
6.4  推拉变焦拍摄 ........................................................................................117
6.5  警惕可疑的标称值 .................................................................................118
6.6  光学变焦VS 数码变焦 ...........................................................................120
6.7  更广、更远 ............................................................................................121
6.8  低档镜头的现状 .....................................................................................122
6.9  为何廉价的镜头看起来档次低？ ............................................................124
6.10  对小光孔说不 ......................................................................................125
6.11  为什么一体式摄像机通常能拍出更好的画面 ........................................125
6.12  色像差补偿 ..........................................................................................126
6.13  试着和你的普通镜头和平相处 .............................................................126
6.14  找到镜头的最佳性能区间 ....................................................................127
6.15  不靠谱的对焦环和变焦环 ....................................................................129
6.16  电影镜头 ..............................................................................................129
6.17  诱惑力和纠结的根源 ............................................................................130
6.18  过大的景深 ..........................................................................................130
6.19  镜头适配器 ..........................................................................................132
第七章  立体拍摄者 ......................................................................... 133
7.1  3D 立体的本质 .......................................................................................133
7.2  立体是一种技术障眼法 ..........................................................................135
7.3  深度线索 ................................................................................................136
7.4  平面视觉深度线索 .................................................................................137
7.5  立体视觉深度线索 .................................................................................139
7.6  轴距VS 瞳距 .........................................................................................141
7.7  汇聚面应该设置在哪儿？ ......................................................................143
7.8  立体摄像机设置 .....................................................................................145
7.9  避免“耐药性”问题 ..............................................................................146
7.10  屏幕尺寸至关重要 ...............................................................................148
7.11  正确获得视差 ......................................................................................149
7.12  窗口干涉 ..............................................................................................150
7.13  关于立体故事的思考 ............................................................................150
7.14  圆度因素 ..............................................................................................151
7.15  抛弃极端的2D 拍摄方式 .....................................................................152
7.16  裸眼立体是大势所趋 ............................................................................154
7.17  立体就此止步了吗？ ............................................................................155
7.18  立体的后期制作与输出 ........................................................................156
7.19  立体再次来袭！ ...................................................................................158
7.20  2D 转3D .............................................................................................159
7.21  制片工艺的进化 ...................................................................................159
7.22  展现未曾见过的世界 ............................................................................160
第八章  掌握与控制 ......................................................................... 161
8.1  谁会需要全自动？ .................................................................................162
8.2  打倒自动曝光 ........................................................................................162
8.3  “中国姑娘” ........................................................................................165
8.4  驾驭波形图 ............................................................................................166
8.5  考虑快门问题 ........................................................................................167
8.6  同步快门 ................................................................................................168
8.7  帧速率与故事的关系 ..............................................................................169
8.8  聚焦在重要的对象上 ..............................................................................170
8.9  这些人并不是演员 .................................................................................170
8.10  分辨率越高对焦越难！ ........................................................................171
8.11  跟焦 .....................................................................................................173
8.12  故事的白平衡 ......................................................................................174
8.13  到底用不用预置白平衡 ........................................................................174
8.14  设置手动白平衡 ...................................................................................176
8.15  不可理喻的自动白平衡 ........................................................................177
8.16  自动黑平衡 ..........................................................................................178
8.17  没有增益，就没有痛苦 ........................................................................179
8.18  控制好噪点 ..........................................................................................180
8.19  时码的沼泽地 ......................................................................................181
8.20  串行数字接口与高清晰度多媒体接口 ..................................................183
8.21  互连性与视频流 ...................................................................................184
8.22  监看你的工作 ......................................................................................185
8.23  更长时间的续航 ...................................................................................186
8.24  驾驭杂乱的取景器 ...............................................................................188
8.25  逐格摄影与延时摄影 ............................................................................189
8.26  神奇的预录制功能 ...............................................................................190
8.27  循环录制功能 ......................................................................................191
8.28  在极端环境下进行拍摄 ........................................................................191
8.29  拍摄狂热的生命和野生动物 .................................................................193
第九章  调整拍摄的图像 ................................................................... 195
9.1  开始创建自己的画面风格 ......................................................................196
9.2  主消隐电平: 定义黑色 ...........................................................................197
9.3  标清的遗产 ............................................................................................198
9.4  了解你摄像机的动态范围 ......................................................................198
9.5  设置伽马值 ............................................................................................199
9.6  留意高光部分 ........................................................................................200
9.7  自动拐点 ................................................................................................200
9.8  控制色度 ................................................................................................201
9.9  色彩矩阵 ................................................................................................202
9.10  使用滤镜 ..............................................................................................203
9.11  物理滤镜 ..............................................................................................203
9.12  最后再考虑使用滤镜 ............................................................................204
9.13  为任务量身打造 ...................................................................................205
9.14  中密度滤镜（ND） ..............................................................................205
9.15  偏光滤镜 ..............................................................................................206
9.16  天空的控制 ..........................................................................................207
9.17  高对比度的困惑 ...................................................................................208
9.18  柔光滤镜 ..............................................................................................209
9.19  CHRISTIAN DIOR 来帮忙 ....................................................................212
9.20  遮光斗 .................................................................................................212
9.21  如何叠加滤镜 ......................................................................................214
9.22  暖色滤镜 ..............................................................................................215
9.23  雾化滤镜 ..............................................................................................215
9.24  后期制作 ..............................................................................................215
9.25  根据需要选择后期插件 ........................................................................216
9.26  颜色校正 ..............................................................................................217
9.27  拍摄者要对自己负责！ ........................................................................219
第十章  照亮你的故事 ...................................................................... 221
10.1  由小见大 ..............................................................................................222
10.2  拍摄者必须能独当一面 ........................................................................224
10.3  LED 照明时代已经来临 ........................................................................225
10.4  HMI 照明：昂贵但物有所值 ................................................................227
10.5  荧光灯和绿光瘟疫 ...............................................................................228
10.6  大范围柔光 ..........................................................................................230
10.7  使用软光是关键 ...................................................................................230
10.8  选择软光 ..............................................................................................231
10.9  控制溢光 ..............................................................................................232
10.10  柔光的艺术 ........................................................................................232
10.11  色纸 ...................................................................................................233
10.12  标准布光 ............................................................................................234
10.13  正面和中间照明 .................................................................................235
10.14  用好辅助光 ........................................................................................235
10.15  机载照明灯 ........................................................................................236
10.16  分层照明 ............................................................................................237
10.17  给绿屏照明 ........................................................................................237
10.18  绿屏为什么是绿色？ ..........................................................................238
10.19  绿屏的替代品 ....................................................................................240
10.20  照明控制 ............................................................................................240
10.21  镂板 ...................................................................................................241
10.22  束光筒 ...............................................................................................242
10.23  固定工具 ............................................................................................243
10.24  胶带 ...................................................................................................243
10.25  百宝囊 ...............................................................................................244
10.26  照明= 手艺+ 创意 ............................................................................245
第十一章  支撑起你的故事 ............................................................... 249
11.1  云台 .....................................................................................................250
11.2  三脚架 .................................................................................................253
11.3  其他摄像机支撑系统 ............................................................................255
11.4  安装在任何地方 ...................................................................................260
11.5  你拍故你在 ..........................................................................................260
第十二章  聆听你的故事 ...................................................................263
12.1  没有录音师？ ......................................................................................264
12.2  录音建议 ..............................................................................................264
12.3  差劲的连接= 差劲的声音 ....................................................................265
12.4  平衡音频 ..............................................................................................266
12.5  调音台 .................................................................................................267
12.6  设置音频电平 ......................................................................................268
12.7  麦克风 .................................................................................................269
12.8  枪式麦克风（指向式麦克风） .............................................................269
12.9  无线连接 ..............................................................................................270
12.10  话筒挑杆 ............................................................................................271
12.11  音频降噪 ............................................................................................272
12.12  双系统录音：有必要吗？ ..................................................................272
12.13  环绕声 ...............................................................................................273
12.14  有时候“凑合”也不错 ......................................................................274
第十三章  顺应潮流 .........................................................................277
13.1  不再只有一种工作流程 ........................................................................278
13.2  MXF 的前景 .........................................................................................279
13.3  元数据之美 ..........................................................................................280
13.4  现在我们不必那么担忧了 ....................................................................281
13.5  SSD 的出现 .........................................................................................282
13.6  代理视频与iPhone ..............................................................................283
13.7  输出你的故事 ......................................................................................284
13.8  DVD 的衰落 .........................................................................................285
13.9  关注图像编码 ......................................................................................286
13.10  编码器的性格 ....................................................................................287
13.11  被诅咒的问题场景 .............................................................................287
13.12  视频降噪势在必行 .............................................................................288
13.13  了解编码模式 ....................................................................................289
13.14  BLU-RAY 蓝光，还有谁？ ................................................................289
13.15  来到云端 ............................................................................................290
13.16  归档的挑战 ........................................................................................291
后记  世上并没有“一键优化到最好”功能 .......................................... 293
1. 谨慎对待炒作 .............................................................................................294
2. 拒绝复杂 ....................................................................................................295
3. 观影的未来 .................................................................................................296
4. 变革已经到来 .............................................................................................296
5. 这是个弱肉强食的世界 ...............................................................................297

作者BARRY BRAVERMAN是一位有着30多年电视纪录片和电影故事片拍摄经验的老牌摄影师。他的作品包括韦斯?安德森的《月升王国》（2012）、《穿越大吉岭》（2007）、国家地理频道的专题片、HBO“抢先看”和CBS星期天早新闻等。他同时也是好莱坞电影摄影师公会会员，并在世界各地举办2D和3D拍摄研讨会。他现在居住在美国加州斯蒂迪奥城。

不同于死板的教科书，本书是启发性的读物，主要用来阐述拍摄、制作中的理念和思维方式，给读者更多的发挥空间来表现其自己的风格。绝不是一本洗碗机说明书般平淡的普通摄像书籍！这本机智幽默的《拍摄者》，在第3版中讨论了2D拍摄者和3D拍摄者的原则和纪律，从清晰明确的视点和视线，到镜头和色彩矩阵的选择对情绪的影响，可谓事无巨细。你将会学习如何避免平庸的镜头和拍摄角度，学习化繁为简的排除原则，学会对画框的充分控制。你将会学到如何通过特写镜头推动故事发展，学会如何构图，学会如何利用简单的照明来控制观众的注意力。你要学习的这些内容并不简单，但通过不断挑战挑剔的观众，你终会提高自身的价值和你作为一名手艺人的声誉。