正版新书]应急减灾安全常识路一平王君王媛咸秀柔赵宇鹏赵宁9787

目  录
1  公共安全与应急管理 ···········································································1
1.1  公共安全 ·····················································································1
1.1.1  安全观的历史演变 ·······························································1
1.1.2  我国公共安全研究现状 ·························································2
1.1.3  公共安全文化 ······································································4
1.1.4  公共安全管理和危机应急 ·····················································6
1.2  防灾减灾理念 ··············································································8
1.2.1  灾害对人类社会造成的消极影响 ··········································8
1.2.2  灾害管理的发展 ···································································9
1..  当前我国安全治理面临的问题 ·············································11
1.2.4  防灾减灾新理念：建设“韧城市” ···································13
1.2.5  “两个坚持、三个转变” ····················································14
1.3  减灾文化与国际减灾 ····································································16
1.3.1  灾害文化的内涵 ··································································16
1.3.2  国际减灾十年计划 ······························································17
1.3.3  国际减灾日 ········································································19
1.3.4  世界减灾大会 ·····································································21
1.3.5  国际安全减灾经验 ······························································22
1.4  应急管理 ····················································································24
1.4.1  突发事件及其基本特征 ························································24
1.4.2  应急管理概述 ·····································································25
1.4.3  我国应急管理的发展历程 ····················································26
1.4.4  应急管理中的“一案三制” ·················································27
1.4.5  应急响应和应急处置 ···························································29
1.4.6  应急备灾 ············································································30
1.5  科普宣传 ····················································································31
1.5.1  提高众的全意识是减轻灾害损失的有效手段 ··················31
1.5.2  防灾减灾科普宣传是一项长期的艰苦工作 ·····························33
1.5.3  加强舆论引导，有效利用媒体应对突发事件 ·························35
2  常见的主要自然灾害 ··········································································38
2.1  自然灾害概述 ·············································································38
2.1.1  自然灾害的类型和特点 ························································38
2.1.2  我国自然灾害的特点 ···························································40
2.1.3  自然灾害对人类的影响 ························································41
2.1.4  自然灾害产生的原因 ···························································43
2.1.5  自然灾害管理现状 ······························································44
2.1.6  自然灾害的防治和应对 ························································46
2.2  气象灾害 ····················································································48
2.2.1  气象灾害概述 ·····································································48
2.2.2  我国气象灾害及其特点 ························································50
2..  我国气象防灾减灾工作概况 ·················································53
2.2.4  常见气象灾害形成的原因 ····················································55
2.2.5  防治政策和应对措施 ···························································57
.  常见的气象灾害 —— 旱涝 ····························································58
..1  旱涝灾害概述 ·····································································58
..2  洪涝灾害的严重 ······························································59
..  引发洪涝灾害的原因 ···························································60
..4  洪涝灾害的防治政策和应对措施 ··········································61
..5  干旱灾害 ············································································63
2.4  地质灾害 ····················································································65
2.4.1  地质灾害概述 ·····································································65
2.4.2  地质灾害防灾减灾工作开展现状 ··········································67
2.4.3  我国地质灾害特点及防灾形势 ·············································68
2.4.4  地质灾害形成原因 ······························································70
2.4.5  防治政策和应对措施 ···························································72
2.5  常见的地质灾害 —— 地震 ····························································74
2.5.1  地震灾害概述 ·····································································74
2.5.2  造成我国地震灾害严重的主要原因 ·······································76
2.5.3  地震灾害的影响 ··································································78
2.5.4  地震次生灾害的形成原因 ····················································79
2.5.5  防治政策和应对措施 ···························································80
3  人为灾害 ··························································································84
3.1  人为灾害概述 ·············································································84
3.1.1  人为灾害概念及分类 ···························································84
3.1.2  我国人为灾害的研究和管理现状 ··········································85
3.1.3  人为灾害的特点 ··································································87
3.1.4  常见的人为灾害产生的主要原因 ··········································88
3.1.5  人为灾害的防范 ··································································89
3.2  交通事故 ····················································································9
.2.1  交通事故概述 ·····································································9
.2.2  我国交通事故的现状 ···························································93
3..  常见交通事故的形成原因 ····················································94
3.2.4  交通事故的防范 ··································································97
3.3  生命线系统事故 ········································································100
3.3.1  生命线系统事故概述 ·························································100
3.3.2  生命线系统事故现状 ·························································101
3.3.3  常见的生命线系统事故形成原因 ········································10
..4  生命线系统事故的防范 ······················································104
3.4  火灾事故 ··················································································107
3.4.1  火灾事故概述 ···································································107
3.4.2  我国火灾事故现状 ····························································109
3.4.3  常见的火灾事故形成原因 ··················································110
3.4.4  火灾事故的防范 ································································11
.5  安全生产事故 ···········································································115
3.5.1  安全生产概述 ···································································115
3.5.2  我国安全生产现状 ····························································116
3.5.3  企业安全生产事故发生的常见原因 ·····································117
3.5.4  安全生产事故的防范 ·························································119
3.6  踩踏事故 ··················································································121
3.6.1  踩踏事故概述 ···································································121
3.6.2  发生踩踏事故的常见原因 ··················································12
..  踩踏事故的防范 ································································124
4  公共卫生事件 ··················································································127
4.1  公共卫生事件概述 ·····································································127
4.1.1  公共卫生事件的概念和分级 ···············································127
4.1.2  公共卫生事件的特点 ·························································130
4.1.3  公共卫生事件的危害 ·························································131
4.1.4  国外应对公共卫生事件的经验 ···········································133
4.1.5  公共卫生事件的处置和应对 ···············································135
4.2  重大传染病和动物疫情 ······························································138
4.2.1  重大传染病概述 ································································138
4.2.2  人类历重大传染疾病 ··················································139
4..  我国在应对重大传染病方面的进展 ·····································141
4.2.4  常见的传染病分类 ····························································143
4.2.5  动物疫情 ··········································································144
4.2.6  疫情防控应对措施 ····························································145
4.2.7  新冠肺炎防护建议 ····························································147
4.3  食品安全事件 ···········································································149
4.3.1  食品安全事件概述 ····························································149
4.3.2  我食安全的现状 ·························································150
4.3.3  食品安全事件的特点 ·························································151
4.3.4  食品安全事件的分类 ·························································153
4.3.5  食品安全事件的预防 ·························································154
4.3.6  食品安全事件的处置和应对 ···············································156
4.4  职业中毒和急化学中毒 ···························································158
4.4.1  职业中毒概述 ···································································158
4.4.2  职业中毒的类型 ································································159
4.4.3  职业中毒对人体的危害 ······················································160
4.4.4  职业中毒的现场急救 ·························································161
4.4.5  职业中毒的预防措施 ·························································162
5  新技术下的应急管理 ········································································165
5.1  国内外防灾减灾新技术应用概况 ·················································165
5.1.1  美国防灾减灾新技术应用情况 ···········································165
5.1.2  日本防灾减灾新技术应用情况 ···········································166
5.1.3  我国防灾减灾新技术应用现状 ···········································168
5.2  应急管理信息化发展 ··································································170
5.2.1  地理信息系统 ···································································170
5.2.2  数字地球 ··········································································171
5..  城市大脑 ··········································································172
5.3  防灾减灾新技术 ········································································173
5.3.1  物联网和云计算 ································································173
5.3.2  大数据和人工智能 ····························································175
5.3.3  卫星和遥感技术 ································································177
5.3.4  机技术 ······································································178
5.3.5  虚拟现实技术 ···································································179
5.4  防灾减灾新设备 ········································································180
5.4.1  海事卫星电话 ···································································180
5.4.2  生命探测仪 ······································································181
5.4.3  救灾机器人 ······································································182
5.4.4  高科技脉冲设备 ································································184
5.4.5  超声波灭火训练器 ····························································185

路一平，河北北方学院图书馆副馆长，副研究馆员。长期从事图书情报及自动化管理研究。主持或参与省部级科研项目多项。对公共安全与防灾减灾措施及管理有着深入研究。多项相关专利已作成果转化并投入实践。担任年和残住宿设施团队驻地经理。

《应急减灾安全常识》从内容选题与呈现方式上具有一定的新颖。读者可以通过手机终端扫描二维码，实现动画短片和典型事件、相关背景材料的链接，能够更加直观准确地了解公共安全的概念和范畴、相关科普知识以及应急处置原则和管理措施。

根据社会的迫切需要，我们组织专家编写了《应急减灾安全常识》一书。
本书围绕公共安全与应急管理、常见的主要自然灾害、人为灾害、公共卫生事
件、新技术下的应急管理5个方面，向广大读者生动诠释“应急减灾安全”的
理念。从应急减灾安全常识入手，以公共安全“典型事例”为脉络，深入浅出
地剖析安全的重要意义，与读者一起研究和探讨如何创建平安社会的未来。

希望本书能够开阔广大读者的视界，扩宽公共安全的知识面，激励更多的
青年朋友奋发图强，投身公共安全和防灾减灾事业中，在建设平安社会的生动
实践中放飞青春的梦想。