正版 论美国的民主(上下中文导读插图版)/世界大师原典文库 (法)

Volume 1
上卷导读
Introductory Chapter
Chapter I Exterior Form of North America
Chapter II Origin of the Anglo-Americans
ChapterIII Social Condition of the Anglo-Americans
Chapter IV The Principle of the Sovereignty of the People in
America
Chapter V Necessity of Examining the Condition of the States
Chapter VI Judicial Power in the United States
Chapter VII Political Jurisdiction in the United States
Chapter VIII The Federal Constitution
Chapter IX Why the People May Strictly Be Said to Govern
in the United States
Chapter X Parties in the United States
Chapter XI Liberty of the Press in the United States
Chapter XII Political Associations in the United States
Chapter XIII Government of the Democracy in America
Chapter XIV Advantages American Society Derive from
Democracy
Chapter XV Unlimited Power of Majority, and Its
Consequences
Chapter XVI Causes Mitigating Tyranny in the United States
Chapter XVII Principal Causes Maintaining the Democratic
Republic
Chapter XVIII Future Condition of Three Races in the United
States
Conclusion
Volume 2
De Tocqueville's Preface to the Second Volume
Book One Influence of Democracy on the Progress of
Opinion in the United States
Chapter I Philosophical Method Among the Americans
Chapter II Of the Principal Source of Belief Among Democratic
Nations
Chapter III Why the Americans Display More Readiness and
More Taste for General Ideas Than Their Forefathers,
the English
Chapter IV Why the Americans Have Never Been So Eager as the
French for General Ideas in Political Matters
Chapter V Of the Manner in Which Religion in the United States
Avails Itself of Democratic Tendencies
Chapter VI Of the Progress of Roman Catholicism in the United
States
Chapter VII Of the Cause of a Leaning to Pantheism Amongst
Democratic Nations
Chapter VIII The Principle of Equality Suggests to the Americans the
Idea of the Indefinite Perfectibility of Man
Chapter IX The Example of the Americans Does Not Prove That a
Democratic People Can Have No Aptitude and No Taste
for Science, Literature, or Art
Chapter X Why the Americans Are More Addicted to Practical
Than to Theoretical Science
Chapter XI Of the Spirit in Which the Americans Cultivate
the Arts
Chapter XII Why the Americans Raise Some Monuments So
Insignificant, and Others So Important
Chapter XIII Literary Characteristics of Democratic Ages
Chapter XIV The Trade of Literature
Chapter XV The Study of Greek and Latin Literature Peculiarly
Useful in Democratic Communities
Chapter XVI The Effect of Democracy on Language
Chapter XVII Of Some of the Sources of Poetry Amongst Democratic
Nations
Chapter XVIII Of the Inflated Style of American Writers and
Orators
Chapter XIX Some Observations on the Drama Amongst
Democratic Nations
Chapter XX Characteristics of Historians in Democratic Ages
Chapter XXI Of Parliamentary Eloquence in the United States
Book Two Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of
the Americans
Chapter I why Democratic Nations Show a More Ardent and
Enduring Love of Equality Than of Liberty
Chapter II Of Individualism in Democratic Countries
Chapter III Individualism Stronger at the Close of a Democratic
Revolution Than at Other Periods
Chapter IV That the Americans Combat the Effects of
Individualism by Free Institutions
Chapter V Of the Use Which the Americans Make of Public
Associations in Civil Life
Chapter VI Of the Relation Between Public Associations and
Newspapers
Chapter VII Connection of Civil and Political Associations
Chapter VII The Americans Combat Individualism by the
Principle of Interest Rightly Understood
Chapter IX That the Americans Apply the Principle of Interest
Rightly Understood to Religious Matters
Chapter X Of the Taste for Physical Well-Being in America
Chapter XI Peculiar Effects of the Love of Physical Gratifications
in Democratic Ages
Chapter XII Causes of Fanatical Enthusiasm in Some
Americans
Chapter XIII Causes of the Restless Spirit of Americans in the
Midst of Their Prosperity
Chapter XIV Taste for Physical Gratifications United in America to
Love of Freedom and Attention to Public Affairs
Chapter XV That Religious Belief Sometimes Turns the Thoughts
of the Americans to hnmaterial Pleasures
Chapter XVI That Excessive Care of Worldly Welfare May
Impair That Welfare
Chapter XVII That in Times Marked by Equality of Conditions and
Sceptical Opinions, It Is Important to Remove to a
Distance the Objects of Human Actions
Chapter XVIII That Amongst the Americans All Honest Callings
Are Honorable
Chapter XIX That Almost All the Americans Follow Industrial
Callings
Chapter XX That Aristocracy May Be Engendered by
Manufactures
Book Three Influence of Democracy on Manners, Properly
So Called
Chapter I That Manners Are Softened as Social Conditions
Become More Equal
Chapter II That Democracy Renders the Habitual Intercourse
of the Americans Simple and Easy
Chapter III Why the Americans Show So Little Sensitiveness in Their
Own Country, and Are So Sensitive in Europe
Chapter IV Consequences of the Three Preceding Chapters
Chapter V How Democracy Affects the Relation of Masters and
Servants
Chapter VI That Democratic Institutions and Manners Tend to
Raise Rents and Shorten the Terms of Leases
Chapter VII Influence of Democracy on Wages
Chapter VII Influence of Democracy on Kindred
Chapter IX Education of Young Women in the United States
Chapter X The Young Women in the Character of a Wife
Chapter XI That the Equality of Conditions Contributes to the
Maintenance of Good Morals in America
Chapter XII How the Americans Understand the Equality of the
Sexes
Chapter XIII That the Principle of Equality Naturally Divides the
Americans into a Number of Small Private Circles
Chapter XIV Some Reflections on American Manners
Chapter XV Of the Gravity of the Americans, and Why It
Does Not Prevent Them from Often Committing
Inconsiderate Action
Chapter XVI Why the National Vanity of the Americans Is More
Restless and Captious Than That of the English
Chapter XVII That the Aspect of Society in the United States Is at
Once Excited and Monotonous
Chapter XVII Of Honor in the United States and in Democratic
Communities
Chapter XIX Why So Many Ambitious Men and So Little Lofty
Ambition Are to Be Found in the United States
Chapter XX The Trade of Place-Hunting in Certain
Democratic Countries
Chapter XXI Why Great Revolutions Will Become More Rare
Chapter XXII Why Democratic Nations Are Naturally Desirous of
Peace, and Democratic Armies of War
Chapter XXIII Which Is the Most Warlike and Most Revolutionary
Class in Democratic Armies?
Chapter XXIV Causes Which Render Democratic Armies Weaker
Than Other Armies at the Outset of a Campaign,
and More Formidable in Protracted Warfare
Chapter XXV Of Discipline in Democratic Armies
Chapter XXVI Some Considerations on War in Democratic
Communities
Book Four Influence of Democratic Opinions on Political
Society
Chapter I That Equality Naturally Gives Men a Taste for Free
Institutions
Chapter II That the Notions of Democratic Nations on
Government Are Naturally Favorable to the
Concentration of Power
Chapter III That the Sentiments of Democratic Nations Accord
with Their Opinions in Leading Them to Concentrate
Political Power
Chapter IV Of Certain Peculiar and Accidental Causes Which Either
Lead a People to Complete Centralization of
Government, or Which Divert Them from It
Chapter V That Amongst the European Nations of Our Time the
Power of Govemments Is Increasing, Although the
Persons Who Govern Are Less Stable
Chapter VI What Sort of Despotism Democratic Nations Have to
Fear
Chapter VII Continuation of the Preceding Chapters
Chapter VIII General Survey of the Subject
Appendices

亚历克西·德·托克维尔(AlexisdeTocqueville，1805-1859)，法国历史学家、社会学家。主要代表作有《论美国的民主》(DeladémocratieenAmérique)、《旧制度与大革命》(L'AncienRégimeetlaRévolution)。他出身于贵族世家，经历过五个“朝代”(法兰西第一帝国、波旁复辟王朝、七月王朝、法兰西第二共和国、法兰西第二帝国)。前期热心于政治，1838年出任众议院议员，1848年二月革命后参与制订第二共和国宪法，1849年一度出任外交部长。1851年路易·波拿巴建立第二帝国，托克维尔对政治日益失望，从政治舞台上逐渐淡出，并逐渐认识到自己“擅长思想胜于行动”。

亚历克西·德·托克维尔编著的《论美国的民主(上下中文导读插图版)》是世界学术界第一部对美国社会、政治制度和民情进行社会学研究的著作，它也是一本论述民主制度的专著，托克维尔在这部著作里阐述了他的政治哲学的基本原理，以及他对平等与自由的关系的观点。他还在这部著作里做出了一些极为著名而且后来果真应验的预测。这些预测的一次次应验，引发了一波又一波研究托克维尔的热潮。其实，无论是精彩的叙述还是深刻的思辨，都使《论美国的民主》成为一部值得反复研读的著作，因为每一次阅读都能够给读者以新的感悟。