正版 利维坦 [英]托马斯·霍布斯,韩晓龙 上海译文出版社 97875327

导 读
TO MY MOST HONORD FRIEND Mr FRANCIS
GODOLPHIN of Godolphin
THE INTRODUCTION


The first Part
OF MAN
CHAP. 1 Of SENSE
CHAP. 2 Of IMAGINATION
CHAP. 3 Of the Consequence or TRAYNE of Imaginations
CHAP. 4 Of SPEECH
CHAP. 5 Of REASON, and SCIENCE
CHAP. 6 Of the Interiour Beginnings of Voluntary Motions; commonly called the PASSIONS. And the Speeches by which they are expressed
CHAP. 7 Of the Ends, or Resolutions of DISCOURSE
CHAP. 8 Of the VERTUES commonly called INTELLECTUALL; and their contrary DEFECTS
CHAP. 9 Of the Severall SUBJECTS of KNOWLEDGE
CHAP. 10 Of POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, and WORTHINESSE
CHAP. 11 Of the difference of MANNERS
CHAP. 12 OF RELIGION
CHAP. 13 Of the NATURALL CONDITION of Mankind, as concerning their Felicity, and Misery
CHAP. 14 Of the first and second NATURALL LAWES, and of CONTRACTS
CHAP. 15 Of other Lawes of Nature
CHAP. 16 Of PERSONS, AUTHORS, and things Personated


The second Part
OF COMMON-WEALTH
CHAP. 17 Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a COMMON-WEALTH
CHAP. 18 Of the RIGHTS of Soveraignes by Institution
CHAP. 19 Of the severall Kinds cf Common-wealth by Institution, and of Succession to the Soveraigne Power
CHAP. 20 Of Dominion PATERNALL, and DESPOTICALL
CHAP. 21 Of the LIBERTY of Subjects
CHAP. 22 Of SYSTEMES Subject, Politicall, and Private
CHAP. 23 Of the PUBLIQUE MINISTERS of Soveraign Power
CHAP. 24 Of the NUTRITION, and PROCREATION of a Common-wealth
CHAP. 25 Of COUNSELL
CHAP. 26 Of CIVILL LAWES
CHAP. 27 Of CRIMES, EXCUSES, and EXTENUATIONS
CHAP. 28 Of PUNISHMENTS, and REWARDS
CHAP. 29 Of those things that Weaken, or tend to the DISSOLUTION of a Common-wealth
CHAP. 30 Of the OFFICE of the Soveraign Representative
CHAP. 31 Of the KINGDOME OF GOD BY NATURE


The third Part
OF A CHRISTIAN COMMON-WEALTH
CHAP. 32 Of the Principles of CHRISTIAN POLITIQUES
CHAP. 33 Of the Number, Antiquity, Scope, Authority, and Interpreters of the Books of Holy SCRIPTURE
CHAP. 34 Of the Signification of SPIRIT, ANGEL, and INSPIRATION in the Books of Holy Scripture
CHAP. 35 Of the Signification in Scripture of KINGDOME OF GOD, of HOLY, SACRED, and SACRAMENT
CHAP. 36 Of the WORD OF GOD, and of PROPHETS
CHAP. 37 Of MIRACLES, and their Use
CHAP. 38 Of the Signification in Scripture of ETERNALL LIFE, HELL, SALVATION, THE WORLD TO COME, and REDEMPTION
CHAP. 39 Of the signification in Scripture of the word CHURCH
CHAP. 40 Of the RIGHTS of the Kingdome of God, in Abraham, Moses, the High Priests, and the Kings of Judah
CHAP. 41 Of the OFFICE of our BLESSED SAVIOUR
CHAP. 42 Of POWER ECCLESIASTICALL
CHAP. 43 Of what is NECESSARY for a Mans Reception into the Kingdome of Heaven


The fourth Part
OF THE KINGDOME OF DARKNESSE
CHAP. 44 Of Spirituall Darknesse from MISINTERPRETATION of Scripture
CHAP. 45 Of D MONOLOGY, and other Reliques of the Religion of the Gentiles
CHAP. 46 Of DARKNESSE from VAIN PHILOSOPHY, and FABULOUS TRADITIONS
CHAP. 47 Of the BENEFIT that proceedeth from such Darknesse, and to whom it accreweth


A REVIEW, and CONCLUSION


术语汇编与简释

托马斯·霍布斯(1588-1679)，英国人，西方最重要的政治哲学家之一，对国家和法律的根本问题进行了精深的思考。主要著作有《利维坦》、《论公民》等。

霍布斯以利维坦这一威力无比的海怪来比喻君主专制政体的国家，在书中阐述了他的国家起源学说和社会政治思想。这部作品在西方思想史上产生了巨大影响，成为西方领袖人物的必读书籍之一。

“利维坦”全书分为四部分。第一部分开宗明义宣布了作者的彻底唯物主义自然观和一般的哲学观点，声称宇宙是由物质的微粒构成，物体是独立的客观存在，物质永恒存在，既非人所创造，也非人所能消灭，一切物质都于运动状态中。第二部分是全书的主腐朽 ，主要描述自然状态中人们不幸的生活中都享有“生而平等”的自然权利，又都有渴望和平和安定生活的共同要求，于是出于人的理性，人们相互间同意订立契约，放弃各人的自然权利，把它托付给某一个人或一个由多人组成的集体，这个人或集体能把大家的意志化为一个意志，能把大家的人格统一为一个人格；大家则服从他的意地志，服从他的判断。第三部分《论基督教国家》旨在否认自成一统的教会，抨击教皇掌有超越世俗政权的大权。第四部分《论黑暗的王国》，其主要矛头是针对罗马教会，大量揭发了罗马教会的腐败黑暗、剥削领婪的种种丑行劣迹，从而神的圣洁尊崇，教会的威严神秘，已经在霍布斯的笔下黯然失色。