Table of Contents Chapter 1 Social Studies ? History and Geography Unit 01 ………………………………… 7 History and Culture Clues from the Past Unit 02 ………………………………… 11 The American Government Three Important American Documents Unit 03 ………………………………… 15 The Election System of the United States The American Presidential Election System Unit 04 ………………………………… 19 The American Civil War The Civil War Unit 05 ………………………………… 23 Post-Civil War Reconstruction Unit 06 ………………………………… 27 The Nation Grows Industrialization and Urbanization Unit 07 ………………………………… 31 War and Revolution The Age of Imperialism Unit 08 ………………………………… 35 World War II World War II Wrap-Up Test 1 ……………………… 39 Chapter 2 Science Unit 09 ………………………………… 43 Living Things and Their Environments Interactions among Living Things Unit 10 ………………………………… 47 How Do Ecosystems Change? Biomes and Ecological Succession Unit 11 ………………………………… 51 Earth’s Surface Earth’s Changing Crust Unit 12 ………………………………… 55 Earth’s Atmosphere What Makes Up the Atmosphere? Unit 13 ………………………………… 59 The Properties and Structure of Matter Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Unit 14 ………………………………… 63 Matter and How It Changes Mixtures and Solutions Unit 15 ………………………………… 67 The Human Body The Stages of Growth in the Human Body Wrap-Up Test 2 ……………………… 71 Chapter 3 Mathematics ? Language?Visual Arts ? Music Unit 16 ………………………………… 75 Computation The Order of Operations and Inverse Operations Unit 17 ………………………………… 79 Probability and Statistics Ratios, Percents, and Probabilities Unit 18 ………………………………… 83 Stories, Myths, and Legends Echo and Narcissus Unit 19 ………………………………… 87 Learning about Language Common Mistakes in English Unit 20 ………………………………… 91 The Renaissance The Rebirth of the Arts Unit 21 ………………………………… 95 Musical Instructions Italian for Composers Wrap-Up Test 3 ……………………… 99 ? School Textbook 101 ? Answers and Translations 145 ? Word List 162