正版 思辨与明理--高中英语议论文写作教学指导/教师系列/英语学

Chapter One Why do we need critical thinking and
argumentation
1.1 The iIlusion of understandjna：Can we or others understand
what we say
1.2 The illusion of clarity：Why is argumentation essential in critical
thinking
1.3 The illusion of interaction：Are we being communicative in
argumentation
1.4 The illusion of objectivity：Can we be neutral in argumentation
Chapter Two What do we need to know about argumentation
2.1 What is argumentation
2.1.1 The purpose ofargumentation
2.1.2 What is an argument
2.1.3 What is a claim in an argument
2.2 What does it take to make a claim
2.2.1 What is a topic
2.2.2 What iS a comment
2.3 What makes a good claim
2-3.1 A good claim is reader-sensitive
2.3.2 Agood claim is made in line with the support it has
2.3.3 Agood claim has a clear focal point
2.4 What does a claim do
2.4.1 Have we prepared readers for the claim
2.4.2 Have we located the claim in the relevant context
2.4.3 Have we structured the argument according to the claim
Chapter Three Why is definition important
3.1 What is a definition
3.1.1 A specification ofwhat we want the words to mean in
an argument
3.1.2 A specification ofthe criteria we use for an argument
3.1.3 A specification of a perspective that can be shared with othe
3.1.4 A specification ofwhat definition makes or breaks
3.2 How do we define a word
3.2.1 Choosing a perspective
3.2.2 Selecting a field
3.2.3 Following the rules
3.3 What does a definition do to an argument
3.3.1 It makes a claim clear and sharp to readers
3.3.2 It sets up the point ofrelevance for support
3.3.3 It forces us to stop to think about the words we use
3.4 Where can we find a definition
3.4.1 Consulting dictionaries
3.4.2 Turning to authorities
3.4.3 Improvisation
Chapter Four What is a claim of fact
4.1 What does a claim of fact argue about
4.1.1 Facts and levels ofcertainty
4.1.2 Facts and assumptions
4.1.3 Claims and their purposes
4.2 How do we make a claim of fact
4.2.1 Are the words chosen for a topic clear enough
4.2.2 Do the words chosen for a comment make it easy to
find evidence
4.2.3 Does the claim make good use of the evidence we have
4.3 How can we challenge a claim of fact
4.3.1 Faulting the topic
4.3.2 Faulting the comment
4.3.3 Faulting the focus ofa claim
4.4 How can we find evidence
4.4.1 Direct evidence
4.4.2 Indirect evidence
4.4.3 Statistical evidence
4.4.4 Anecdotal evidence
Chapter Five How do we know our factual argument works
5.1 How do we know if a claim is clear enough
5.1.1 Selecting the focal point
5.1.2 Pinning down the right point in the issue with definition
5.1.3 Keeping in mind the purpose
5.2 How can we be sure if me argument follows the focal point in a claim
5.2.1 Failure in deciding on the focal point
5.2.2 Failure in resisting the temptation
5.3 How can we check the coherence in the factual argument
5.3.1 Establishing coherence with the key point in a claim
5.3.2 Establishing coherence on the adequate underlying assumptions
5.4 How can we challenge the relevance of the evidence
5.4.1 Evidence and presentation
5.4.2 Evidence and wording
Chapter Six What is a claim of value
6.1 What does a claim of value argue about
6.1.1 Defining a claim ofvalue
6.1.2 Justifying a claim ofvalue with a principle
6.2 How do we make a claim of value
6.2.1 Are the words unequivocal for a claim ofvalue
6.2.2 Is the principle for the judgment made clear
6.2.3 Is there common ground
6.3 How can we challenge a claim of value
6.3.1 Faulting the fairness ofpresentation
6.3.2 Faulting the choice ofthe principle
6.3.3 Challenging the validity ofthe principle
6.4 How can we find the principle
6.4.1 Have wejust followed the habitual choice
6.4.2 Does the principle we use offer anything new
Chapter Seven How can we know our value argument works
7.1 How do we present an issue and select a principle
7.1.1 How can the presentation of an issue invalidate an argument
7.1.2 How does understanding affect the choice of a principle
7.2 How do we select the right field for an argument
7.2.1 Deciding priority
7.2 2 Sticking to the field that is most relevant
7.3 How can we make sure we are arguing about the right issue
7.3.1 Understanding the questions in the task
7.3.2 Understanding the relation between terms in the task
7.4 How can we decide if the principle we apply is relevant
7.4.1 Be aware of the complex implications of a principle
7.4.2 Be sure the principle is applied relevantly
Chapter Eight How can we be engaged critically in argumentation
8.1 How can we pin down the issue
8.1.1 Starting with definition
8.1.2 Trying a different perspective
8.1.3 Putting the issue in a context
8.2 How shall we look for ways of engagement
8.2.1 Arguing with the same principle
8.2.2 Arguing by analogy
8.3 How can we stay focused
8.3.1 Always checking with questions
8.3.2 Finding the rallying point in the task
8.4 How shall we launch an argument in a field
8.4.1 Using the language ofthe field
8.4.2 Choosing the same field to respond
References

曲卫国，复旦大学外文学院教授、博导，教育部英语教指委委员；语用学协会常务理事；哈佛大学富布赖特访问学者；曾当选上海市优秀青年教师，上海市本科教学名师。主要研究方向是语用学、话语分析、修辞学等。出版著作有《英语高级：论说文入门》、《话语文体学》、《批判与论辩》《近代英国礼貌变革研究》等，在国内外期刊发表论文六十多篇。

本书整体结构采用中文导读与英文讲解的形式，内容上由理论讲解与教学指导组成，指导教师培养学生认识问题、分析问题，明辨观点，从而得当地表达观点的方法和策略。从而，系统地帮助教师将思辨能力培养与高中英语议论文写作的教学实践相结合。本书通过选取高中师生熟悉的写作话题，讲解如何将思辨能力运用到写作，教师也可通过本书得到详实的写作教学指导，提升分析和探索问题的思辨能力，指导写作教学。此外，本书不仅可作为写作教学指导，也可延申作为语篇分析教学的指导材料。

根据国家课标对学生核心素养的要求，思辨能力的培养对于高中生的英语写作、听说技能提升有至关重要的作用。高中教师自身的思辨能力也存在欠缺。因此本选题旨在帮助高中师生提升思辨能力，服务教与学。本选题将通过中文导读与英文讲解的形式，向高中师生讲解思辨能力的培养，如何思辨，结合高中师生熟悉的话题讲思辨能力运用到写作，教师通过本书可以得到写作教学的指导，学生可以通过本书了解思辨与写作的关系，提升自我思辨能力，指导写作练习。