中国野菜野果的识别与利用(野菜卷) 林祁 等 编 专业科技 文轩网

第一部分 概述
第一部分 概 述
一、野菜野果的含义 /2
二、野菜野果的特点 /2
三、野菜野果采食的注意事项 /3
四、野菜野果形态识别的名词与术语 /7
（一）藻类 /7
（二）菌物类 /7
（三）根 /9
（四）茎 /10
（五）叶 /13
（六）花 /17
（七）果实和种子 /20
（八）附属器官、毛被、质地 /22
五、野菜野果的分类 /26
六、野菜野果资源的利用 /27
七、野菜野果的食用方法 /28

第二部分 野菜类群
一、藻类野菜 /33
1. 地木耳 Nostoc commune Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault /34
2. 软丝藻Ulothrix flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret /35
3. 礁膜Monostromani tedium Wittr. /35
4. 浒苔Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller /36
5. 缘管浒苔Ulva linza Linnaeus /36
6. 孔石莼Ulva pertusa Kjellman /37
7. 刺松藻Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot /37
8. 红毛菜Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye /38
9. 条斑紫菜Pyropia yezoensis (Ueda) M.S. Hwang & H.G. Choi /38
10. 坛紫菜Pyropia haitanensis (T.J.Chang & B.F.Zheng) N.Kikuchi & M.Miyata
/39
11. 海索面Nemalion vermiculare Suringar  /39
12. 石花菜Gelidium amansii (Lamouroux) Lamouroux /40
13. 拟鸡毛菜Pterocladiella capillacea (Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand /40
14. 海萝Gloiopeltis furcata (Postels & Ruprecht) J. Agardh  /41
15. 黏管藻Gloiosiphonia capillaris (Hudson) Carmichael /41
16. 蜈蚣藻Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh /42
17. 舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida (Harvey) Yamada /42
18. 中间软刺藻Chondracanthus intermedius (Suringar) Hommersand /43
19. 角叉菜Chondrus ocellatus Holmes /43
20. 日本马泽藻Mazzaella japonica (Mikami) Hommersand /44
21. 冻沙菜Hypnea japonica Tanaka /44
22. 细弱红翎菜Solieria tenuis Xia & Zhang /45
23. 龙须菜Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory de Saint-Vincent) E.Y.Dawson,
Acleto & Foldvik /45
24. 真江蓠Gracilaria lvermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss /46
25. 凤尾菜Gracilaria eucheumatoides Harvey /46
26. 钩凝菜Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh /47
27. 三叉仙菜Ceramium kondoi Yendo /47
28. 铁钉菜Ishige okamurae Yendo /48
29. 叶状铁钉菜Ishige foliacea Okamura /48
30. 幅叶藻Petalonia binghamiae (J. Agardh) K.L. Vinogradova /49
31. 萱藻Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link /49
32. 裙带菜Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar /50
33. 海带Saccharina japonica (Areschoug) C. Lane, Mayes, Druehl & G.W.
Saunders /50
34. 鹿角菜 Silvetia siliquosa (Tseng & C. F. Chang) Serrao, Cho, Boo & Brawley
 /51
35. 羊栖菜Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell /52
36. 铜藻Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh /53
二、菌物类野菜 /55
1. 冬虫夏草 Ophiocordyceps sinensis（Berk.）Sacc /56
2. 蛹虫草 Cordyceps malitaris (L. ) Fr. /57
3. 小羊肚菌 Morchella deliciosa Fr. /57
4. 羊肚菌 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. /58
5. 黑脉羊肚菌 Morchella angusticepes Peck /59
6. 木耳 Auricularia auricular-judae (Bull.) Quel.  /60
7. 皱木耳 Auricularia delicata (Fr.) Henn. /61
8. 毛木耳 Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. /61
9. 金耳 Tremella aurantialba Bandoni & Zang /62
10.银耳 Tremella fuciformis Berk. /62
11. 橙黄银耳 Tremella lutescens Pers & Fr. /63
12. 粗糙肉齿菌 Sarcodon scabrosus (Fr.) Karst /63
13. 鸡油菌 Cantharellus cibarius Fr. /64
14. 灵芝 Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. /65
15. 牛舌菌 Fistulina hepatica Fr. /66
16. 猴头菇 Hericium erinaceus (Bull. ex Fr.) Pers. /66
17. 茯苓 Wolfiporia cocos (F. A. Wolf) Ryyarden & Gilh. /67
18. 干巴菌 Thelephora vialis Schw. /67
19. 白林地菇 Agaricus silvicola (Vitt.) Sacc. /68
20. 赤褐鹅膏 Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Pers. ex Sing. /68
21. 铆钉菇 Gomphidius viscidus (L.) Fr. /69
22. 紫晶蜡蘑 Laccaria amethystea (Bull.) Murr. /69
23. 小果鸡枞菌 Termitomyces microcarpus (Berk.& Br.)Heim. /70
24. 条纹鸡枞菌 Termitomyces striatus (Beel.)Heim.  /70
25. 香菇 Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler /71
26. 密环菌 Armillariella mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) Karst. /72
27. 长根小奥德蘑 Hymenopellis radicata (Reihan) R. H. Petersen /73
28. 侧耳 Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Quél. /74
29. 肺形侧耳 Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. /75
30. 草菇 Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.) Sing. /75
31. 松乳菇 Lactarius deliciosus (L. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray /76
32. 红汁乳菇 Lactarius hatsudake Tanaka /77
33. 血红菇 Russula sanguine (Bull.) Fr. /77
34. 绿菇 Russula virescens (Schaeff. ex Zented.) Fr. /78
35. 毛柄金钱菌 Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing. /78
36. 花脸香蘑 Lepista sordida (Schum. ex Fr.) Sing. /79
37. 松茸 Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & Imai) Sing. /79
38. 蒙古口蘑 Tricholoma mongolicum Lami /80
39. 双色牛肝菌 Boletus bicolor Peck /80
40. 小美牛肝菌 Boletus speceosus Frost /81
41. 褐疣柄牛肝菌 Leccinum scabrum (Bull. ex Fr.) Gray /81
42. 短裙竹荪 Dictyophora duplicata ( Bosc. ) Fisch. /82
43. 长裙竹荪 Dictyophora indusiata ( Vent. ex Pers.) Fisch. /82
44. 石耳 Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks /83
三、蕨类野菜 /85
1. 七指蕨Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook.  /86
2. 食用莲座蕨Angiopteris esculenta Ching  /86
3. 福建莲座蕨Angiopteris fokiensis Hieron. /87
4. 紫萁Osmunda japonica Thunb.  /88
5. 蕨Pteridium aquilinum (Linn.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller
 /89
6. 食蕨Pteridium esculentum (Forst.) Cokayne  /90
7. 毛轴蕨Pteridium revolutum (Bl.) Nakai /91
8. 乳头凤了蕨 Coniogramme rosthornii Hieron.  /92
9. 尖齿凤了蕨Coniogramme affinis (Presl) Hieron.  /92
10. 普通凤了蕨Coniogramme intermedia Hieron. /93
11. 疏网凤了蕨Coniogramme wilsonii Hieron. /93
12. 凤了蕨Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels  /94
13. 水蕨Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.  /94
14. 星毛蕨Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) Cop.  /95
15. 荚果蕨Matteucci struthiopteris (L.) Todaro /95
16. 东方荚果蕨 Pentarhizidium orientale (Hook.) Hayata /96
17. 狗脊 Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Smith /96
18. 中华蹄盖蕨 Athyrium sinense Rupr.  /97
19. 食用双盖蕨 Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Swartz /98
20. 肾蕨Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl /99
四、被子植物野菜 /101
（一）根类野菜 /101
1. 何首乌 Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haralds. /102
2. 蕨麻 Potentilla anserina L. /103
3. 翻白草Potentilla discolor Bunge /104
4. 土儿Apios fortunei Maxim. /104
5. 鸡头薯Eriosema chinense Vog. /105
6. 三裂叶野葛Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. /105
7. 葛 Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. /106
8. 食用葛Pueraria edulis Pampan. /107
9. 蒙古黄耆 Astragalus mongholicus Bunge /107
10. 甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. /108
11. 胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal. /108
12. 粗毛甘草Glycyrrhiza aspera Pall. /109
13. 竹节参Panax japonicus （T. Ness）C. A. Mey. /109
14. 三七Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. Chow & W. G. Huang /110
15. 人参Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. /110
16. 明党参Changium smyrnioides H. Wolff /111
17. 辽藁本Ligusticum jeholense (Nakai & Kitag.) Nakai & Kitag. /111
18. 当归Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels /112
19. 珊瑚菜Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq. /112
20. 白首乌Cynanchum bungei Decaisne /113
21. 打碗花Calystegia hederacea Wall. /113
22. 鼓子花Calystegia silvatica (Kitaib.) Griseb. subsp. orientalis Brummitt /114
23. 七爪龙Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. /114
24. 小野芝麻Galeobdolon chinense (Benth.) C. Y. Wu /115
25. 块根小野芝麻 Galeobdolon tuberiferum (Makino) C. Y. Wu /115
26. 甘西鼠尾草Salvia przewalskii Maxim. /116
27. 丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge /117
28. 南丹参Salvia bowleyana Dunn /118
29. 鸡肉参Incarvillea mairei (Lévl.) Grierson /118
30. 羊乳Codonopsis lanceolata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Trautv. /119
31. 党参Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. /120
32. 管花党参Codonopsis tubulosa Kom. /121
33. 桔梗Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. /122
34. 杏叶沙参 Adenophora petiolata Pax & Hoffm. subsp. hunanensis (Nannf.) D. Y.
Hong & S. Ge /123
35. 轮叶沙参 Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch. /124
36. 牛蒡Arctium lappa L. /124
37. 蓟Cirsium japonicum DC. /125
38. 菊苣Cichorium intybus L. /125
39. 刺芋Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwait. /126
40. 多刺天门冬Asparagus myriacanthus F. T. Wang & S. C. Chen /126
41. 天门冬Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. /127
42. 攀缘天门冬Asparagus brachyphyllus Turcz. /128
43. 矮小山麦冬Liriope minor (Maxim.) Makino /129
44. 禾叶山麦冬Liriope graminifolia (L.) Baker /129
45. 山麦冬Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. /130
46. 阔叶山麦冬Liriope muscari (Decaisne) Bailey /130
47. 麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker Gawl. /131
48. 象头蕉Ensete wilsonii (Tutch.) Cheesman /131
（二）茎类野菜 /133
1. 蕺菜Houttuynia cordata Thunb. /134
2. 胡杨Populus euphratica Oliv. /135
3. 印度蛇菰Balanophora indica (Arn.) Griff. /135
4. 莲 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. /136
5. 萍蓬草Nuphar pumila (Timm.) DC. /137
6. 睡莲Nymphaea tetragona Georgi /137
7. 延药睡莲Nymphaea nouchali N. L. Burm. /138
8. 阴香Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Bl. /138
9. 肉桂Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don /139
10. 大叶子Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. /139
11. 七叶鬼灯檠Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin /140
12. 羽叶鬼灯檠Rodgersia pinnata Franch. /140
13. 锁阳Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. /141
14. 鸭儿芹Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. /141
……