Chapter 1 : Introduction 1.1 Research background 1.2 Research objective,limits, questions, and significance 1.3 Book organisation Chapter 2 : Public space in the age of consumption 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Conceptual foundation :Changing ' publicness' of public space 2.3 Historic experience : theChanging nature of public space 2.3.1 Cities 'ofagolden age' 2.3.2 Cities of marketplace 2.3.3 Industrial cities 2.3.4 Modern cities 2.3.5 Post-modern cities 2.4 Contemporary debate:loss of public space? 2.4.1 Key themes of place making in the age of consumption 2.4.2 Critique of loss 2.4.3 Counter arguments 2.4.4 So to conclude : ' both constraining and enabling' 2.5 Research gaps:critique of loss in China 2.5.1 Critiques on China's CPDs 2.5.2 Potential gaps 2.6 Design response:normative measurements of good public space 2.6.1 Fundamental rationale of place making in urban design 2.6.2 Physical dimensions of good public space 2.6.3 Social dimensions of good public space 2.7 Conclusion Chapter 3 : Methodology 3.1 Research questions and hypotheses 3.2 ReSearch strategy 3.3 Historical analysis 3.3.1 Preliminaries 3.3.2 Research methods and process Review of existing urban China researches Illustration analysis 3.4 Rapid,qualitative survey 3.4.1 Preliminaries 3.4.2 Research methods and process Desk-basedreview Rapid site observation Random interview 3.5 Case study 3.5.1 Preliminaries 3.5.2 Research methods and process Desk-based review Rapid site observation( pilot observation) plus random interview In-depth site observation plus random interview Semi-structured interview Chapter 4 : Historical analysis: evolution of China's urban space 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Epoch division 4.3 Early traditional cities:representation of hierarchical social structure 4.4 Late traditional cities:expansion of commercialisation 4.5 Treaty-Port and Republican-Era cities:emergence of new Western landscapes 4.6 Pre-market cities:spatial generalisation based on production 4.7 Contemporary cities:re-specialisation led by consumption 4.8 Conclusion Chapter 5 : Survey : a rapid review of China's four largest CPDs 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Traditional period:exclusion and marginalisation of public space 5.2.1 Potential exclusion of general public uses,Wang Fujing and Nanjing Road 5.2.2 Underdeveloped physical condition, Central Street and Xin Jiekou 5.3 Treaty-Port and Republican period:creating WesternCharacters in public space 5.3.1 Transformed into an eclectic commercial milieu,Wang Fujing 5.3.2 Radical redevelopment in Western line, Nanjing Road 5.3.3 Initiative rooted from Western style, Central Street 5.3.4 Grafting of Western bud onto a Chinese tree' ,Xin Jiekou 5.4 Pre-market period : deterioration of public space 5.4.1 Retained as public centres in a socialist way:Wang Fujing and Nanjing Road 5.4.2 Politicised streets with less concern for public realm : Central Street and Xin Jiekou 5.5 Contemporary period:the impacts of new consumerism on public space 5.5.1 Radical revival of eclecticsocio-physical pattern, Wang Fujing 5.5.2 New Western ideas : the ' Golden Line' , Nanjing Road 5.5.3 Preserved street pattern andbenign management, Central Street 5.5.4 Dominance of mega-structures,Xin Jiekou 5.6 Conclusion Chapter 6 : Case study : designing and managing Jie Fangbei, Chongqing 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Jie Fangbei's image and early history 6.2.1 The embodiment of a ' world city' 6.2.2 Treaty-Port and Republican period:from commercial street to political symbo 6.2.3 Pre-market period:the socialist redevelopment between 1950s and 1970s 6.3 The first high-rise boom between 1980s and the middle 1990s 6.3.1 Functional transformations and their impact on the planning concern 6.3.2 Four high-rise developments 6.4 The first pedestrianisation, 1997 6.4.1 The environmental exacerbation facilitated by the high-rise boom 6.4.2 The municipalisation of Chongqing and the economic analyses of the CPD strategy 6.4.3 The 1997 Pedestrianisation Plan:five principles and four approaches 6.4.4 Setting the street management byelaw 6.4.5 One square and one street 6.5 The second high-rise boom,1998-2001 6.5.1 Increasing commercial potentials after the 1997 pedestrianisation 6.5.2 Four high-rise developments 6.6 The second pedestrianisation and street refurbishment,2002-2010 6.6.1 The original trigger and two primary aims 6.6.2 The Urban Image Design on Yuzhong Peninsula 2002 6.6.3 The Jie Fangbei Urban Design Plan 2004 6.6.4 The Wall Streetstrategy,2007-2010 6.6.5 Two streets 6.7 Relevant key dimensions 6.7.1 Land use 6.7.2 Resting/strolling localities and public facilities 6.7.3 Control and surveillance 6.8 Conclusion Chapter 7 : Conclusion 7.1 Discussions and conclusions 7.1.1 Comparative 'publicness' of public space 7.1.2 Historical evolution of CPDs 7.1.3 Place-making process of CPDs 7.1.4 Physical and social evaluations of CPDs 7.1.5 So to conclude:revising the research hypothesis 7.2 Design and management recommendations 7.3 Limitations and future researches References Appendix 1 :The location of Wang Fujing in Beijing Appendix 2 : The location of Nanjing Road in Beijing Appendix 3 : The location of Central Street in Harbin Appendix 4 : The location of Xin Jiekou in Nanjing Appendix 5 : The selection of observation sites in Jie Fangbei Appendix 6 : Daily in-and-out pedestrian amount of Zou Rong Road, Jie Fangbei Appendix 7 : Interviewee list Appendix 8 : Interview questions