C Primer Plus 第6版 英文版 上下册 [美]史蒂芬·普拉达（Stephen Prata） 著 专业科技

1 Getting Ready  1 第 1章 初识C语言 Whence C / C语言的起源  1 Why C / 选择C语言的理由  2 Design Features / 设计特性  2 Efficiency / 高效性  3 Portability / 可移植性  3 Power and Flexibility / 强大而灵活  3 Programmer Oriented / 面向程序员  3 Shortcomings / 缺点  4 Whither C / C语言的应用范围  4 What Computers Do / 计算机能做什么  5 High-level Computer Languages and Compilers / 高 级计算机语言和编译器  6 Language Standards / 语言标准  7 The First ANSI/ISO C Standard / 第 1个ANSI/ISO C标准  8 The C99 Standard / C99标准  8 The C11 Standard / C11标准  9 Using C: Seven Steps / 使用C语言的几个步骤  9 Step 1: Define the Program Objectives / 第 1步：定义程序的目标  10 Step 2: Design the Program / 第 2步：设计程序  10 Step 3: Write the Code / 第3步：编写代码  11 Step 4: Compile / 第4步：编译  11 Step 5: Run the Program / 第5步：运行程序  12 Step 6: Test and Debug the Program / 第6步：测试和调试程序  12 Step 7: Maintain and Modify the Program / 第7步：维护和修改代码  13 Commentary / 说明  13 Programming Mechanics / 编程机制  13 Object Code Files, Executable Files, and Libraries / 目标代码文件、可执行文件和库  14 Unix System / Unix系统  16 The GNU Compiler Collection and the LLVM Project / GNU编译器集合和LLVM项目  18 Linux Systems / Linux系统  18 Command-Line Compilers for the PC / PC的命令行编译器  19 Integrated Development Environments (Windows) / 集成开发环境（Windows）  19 The Windows/Linux Option / Windows/Linux  21 C on the Macintosh / Macintosh中的C  21 How This Book Is Organized / 本书的组织结构  22 Conventions Used in This Book / 本书的约定  22 Typeface / 字体  22 Program Output / 程序输出  23 Spe Elements / 特殊元素  24 Summary / 本章小结  24 Review Questions / 复习题  25 Programming Exercise / 编程练习  25 2 Introducing C  27 第 2章 C语言概述 A Simple Example of C / 简单的C程序示例  27 The Example Explained / 示例解释  28 Pass 1: Quick Synopsis / 第 1遍：快速概要  30 Pass 2: Program Details / 第 2遍：程序细节  31 The Structure of a Simple Program / 简单程序的结构  40 Tips on Making Your Programs Readable / 提高程序可读性的技巧  41 Taking Another Step in Using C / 进一步使用C  42 Documentation / 程序说明  43 Multiple Declarations / 多条声明  43 Multiplication / 乘法  43 Printing Multiple Values / 打印多个值  43 While You’re at It—Multiple Functions / 多个函数  44 Introducing Debugging / 调试程序  46 Syntax Errors / 语法错误  46 Semantic Errors / 语义错误  47 Program State / 程序状态  49 Keywords and Reserved Identifiers / 关键字和保留标识符  49 Key Concepts / 关键概念  50 Summary / 本章小结  51 Review Questions / 复习题  51 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  53 3 Data and C  55 第3章 数据和C A Sample Program / 示例程序  55 What’s New in This Program / 程序中的新元素  57 Data Variables and Constants / 变量与常量数据  59 Data: Data-Type Keywords / 数据：数据类型关键字  59 Integer Versus Floating-Point Types / 整数和浮点数  60 The Integer / 整数  61 The Floating-Point Number / 浮点数  61 Basic C Data Types / C语言基本数据类型  62 The int Type / int类型  62 Other Integer Types / 其他整数类型  66 Using Characters: Type char / 使用字符：char类型  71 The _Bool Type / _Bool类型  77 Portable Types: stdint.h and inttypes.h / 可移植类型：stdint.h和inttypes.h  77 Types float, double, and long double / float、double和long double  79 Complex and Imaginary Types / 复数和虚数类型  85 Beyond the Basic Types / 其他类型  85 Type Sizes / 类型大小  87 Using Data Types / 使用数据类型  88 Arguments and Pitfalls / 参数和陷阱  89 One More Example: Escape Sequences / 转义序列示例  91 What Happens When the Program Runs / 程序运行情况  91 Flushing the Output / 刷新输出  92 Key Concepts / 关键概念  93 Summary / 本章小结  93 Review Questions / 复习题  94 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  97 4 Character Strings and Formatted Input/Output  99 第4章 字符串和格式化输入/输出 Introductory Program / 前导程序  99 Character Strings: An Introduction / 字符串简介  101 Type char Arrays and the Null Character / char类型数组和null字符  101 Using Strings / 使用字符串  102 The strlen() Function / strlen()函数  103 Constants and the C Preprocessor / 常量和C预处理器  106 The const Modifier / const限定符  109 Manifest Constants on the Job / 明示常量  109 Exploring and Exploiting printf() and scanf() / printf()和scanf()  112 The printf() Function / printf()函数  112 Using printf() / 使用printf()  113 Conversion Specification Modifiers for printf() / printf()的转换说明修饰符  115 What Does a Conversion Specification Convert / 转换说明的意义  122 Using scanf() / 使用scanf()  128 The * Modifier with printf() and scanf() / printf()和scanf()的*修饰符  133 Usage Tips for printf() / printf()的用法提示  135 Key Concepts / 关键概念  136 Summary / 本章小结  137 Review Questions / 复习题  138 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  140 5 Operators, Expressions, and Statements  143 第5章 运算符、表达式和语句 Introducing Loops / 循环简介  144 Fundamental Operators / 基本运算符  146 Assignment Operator: = / 赋值运算符：=  146 Addition Operator: + / 加法运算符：+  149 Subtraction Operator: - / 减法运算符：-  149 Sign Operators: - and + / 符号运算符：-和+  150 Multiplication Operator: * / 乘法运算符：*  151 Division Operator: / / 除法运算符：/  153 Operator Precedence / 运算符优先级  154 Precedence and the Order of Evaluation / 优先级和求值顺序  156 Some Additional Operators / 其他运算符  157 The sizeof Operator and the size_t Type / sizeof运算符和size_t类型  158 Modulus Operator: % / 求模运算符：%  159 Increment and Decrement Operators: ++ and -- / 递增和递减运算符：++和--  160 Decrementing: -- / 递减运算符：--  164 Precedence / 优先级  165 Don’t Be Too Clever / 不要自作聪明  166 Expressions and Statements / 表达式和语句  167 Expressions / 表达式  167 Statements / 语句  168 Compound Statements (Blocks) / 复合语句（块）  171 Type Conversions / 类型转换  174 The Cast Operator / 强制类型转换运算符  176 Function with Arguments / 带参数的函数  177 A Sample Program / 示例程序  180 Key Concepts / 关键概念  182 Summary / 本章小结  182 Review Questions / 复习题  183 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  187 6 C Control Statements: Looping  189 第6章 C控制语句：循环 Revisiting the while Loop / 再探while循环  190 Program Comments / 程序注释  191 C-Style Reading Loop / C风格读取循环  192 The while Statement / while语句  193 Terminating a while Loop / 终止while循环  194 When a Loop Terminates / 何时终止循环  194 while: An Entry-Condition Loop / while：入口条件循环  195 Syntax Points / 语法要点  195 Which Is Bigger: Using Relational Operators and Expressions / 用关系运算符和表达式比较大小  197 What Is Truth / 什么是真  199 What Else Is True / 其他真值  200 Troubles with Truth / 真值的问题  201 The New _Bool Type / 新的_Bool类型  203 Precedence of Relational Operators / 优先级和关系运算符  205 Indefinite Loops and Counting Loops / 不确定循环和计数循环  207 The for Loop / for循环  208 Using for for Flexibility / 利用for的灵活性  210 More Assignment Operators: +=, -=, *=, /=, %= / 其他赋值运算符：+=、-=、*=、/=、%=  215 The Comma Operator / 逗号运算符  215 Zeno Meets the for Loop / 当Zeno遇到for循环  218 An Exit-Condition Loop: do while / 出口条件循环：do while  220 Which Loop / 如何选择循环  223 Nested Loops / 嵌套循环  224 Program Discussion / 程序分析  225 A Nested Variation / 嵌套变式  225 Introducing Arrays / 数组简介  226 Using a for Loop with an Array / 在for循环中使用数组  228 A Loop Example Using a Function Return Value / 使用函数返回值的循环示例  230 Program Discussion / 程序分析  232 Using Functions with Return Values / 使用带返回值的函数  233 Key Concepts / 关键概念  234 Summary / 本章小结  235 Review Questions / 复习题  236 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  241 7 C Control Statements: Branching and Jumps  245 第7章 C控制语句：分支和跳转 The if Statement / if语句  246 Adding else to the if Statement / if else语句  248 Another Example: Introducing getchar() and putchar() / 另一个示例：介绍getchar()和putchar()  250 The ctype.h Family of Character Functions / ctype.h系列的字符函数  252 Multiple Choice else if / 多重选择else if  254 Pairing else with if / else与if配对  257 More Nested ifs / 多层嵌套的if语句  259 Let’s Get Logical / 逻辑运算符  263 Alternate Spellings: The iso646.h Header File / 备选拼写：iso646.h头文件  265 Precedence / 优先级  265 Order of Evaluation / 求值顺序  266 Ranges / 范围  267 A Word-Count Program / 一个统计单词的程序  268 The Conditional Operator: : / 条件运算符： :  271 Loop Aids: continue and break / 循环辅助：continue和break  274 The continue Statement / continue语句  274 The break Statement / break语句  277 Multiple Choice: switch and break / 多重选择：switch和break  280 Using the switch Statement / switch语句  281 Reading Only the First Character of a Line / 只读每行的首字符  283 Multiple Labels / 多重标签  284 switch and if else / switch和if else  286 The goto Statement / goto语句  287 Avoiding goto / 避免使用goto  287 Key Concepts / 关键概念  291 Summary / 本章小结  291 Review Questions / 复习题  292 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  296 8 Character Input/Output and Input Validation  299 第8章 字符输入/输出和输入验证 Single-Character I/O: getchar() and putchar() / 单字符I/O：getchar()和putchar()  300 Buffers / 缓冲区  301 Terminating Keyboard Input / 结束键盘输入  302 Files, Streams, and Keyboard Input / 文件、流和键盘输入  303 The End of File / 文件结尾  304 Redirection and Files / 重定向和文件  307 Unix, Linux, and Windows Command Prompt Redirection / Unix、Linux和DOS重定向  307 Creating a Friendlier User Interface / 创建更友好的用户界面  312 Working with Buffered Input / 使用缓冲输入  312 Mixing Numeric and Character Input / 混合数值和字符输入  314 Input Validation / 输入验证  317 Analyzing the Program / 分析程序  322 The Input Stream and Numbers / 输入流和数字  323 Menu Browsing / 菜单浏览  324 Tasks / 任务  324 Toward a Smoother Execution / 使执行更顺利  325 Mixing Character and Numeric Input / 混合字符和数值输入  327 Key Concepts / 关键概念  330 Summary / 本章小结  331 Review Questions / 复习题  331 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  332 9 Functions  335 第9章 函数 Reviewing Functions / 复习函数  335 Creating and Using a Simple Function / 创建并使用简单函数  337 Analyzing the Program / 分析程序  338 Function Arguments / 函数参数  340 Defining a Function with an Argument: Formal Parameters / 定义带形式参数的函数  342 Prototyping a Function with Arguments / 声明带形式参数函数的原型  343 Calling a Function with an Argument: Actual Arguments / 调用带实际参数的函数  343 The Black-Box Viewpoint / 黑盒视角  345 Returning a Value from a Function with return / 使用return从函数中返回值  345 Function Types / 函数类型  348 ANSI C Function Prototyping / ANSI C函数原型  349 The Problem / 问题所在  350 The ANSI C Solution / ANSI的解决方案  351 No Arguments and Unspecified Arguments / 无参数和未指定参数  352 Hooray for Prototypes / 函数原型的优点  353 Recursion / 递归  353 Recursion Revealed / 演示递归  354 Recursion Fundamentals / 递归的基本原理  355 Tail Recursion / 尾递归  356 Recursion and Reversal / 递归和倒序计算  358 Recursion Pros and Cons / 递归的优缺点  360 Compiling Programs with Two or More Source Code Files / 编译多源代码文件的程序  361 Unix / Unix  362 Linux / Linux  362 DOS Command-Line Compilers / DOS命令行编译器  362 Windows and Apple IDE Compilers / Windows和苹果的IDE编译器  362 Using Header Files / 使用头文件  363 Finding Addresses: The & Operator / 查找地址：&运算符  367 Altering Variables in the Calling Function / 更改主调函数中的变量  369 Pointers: A First Look / 指针简介  371 The Indirection Operator: * / 间接运算符：*  371 Declaring Pointers / 声明指针  372 Using Pointers to Communicate Between Functions / 使用指针在函数间通信  373 Key Concepts / 关键概念  378 Summary / 本章小结  378 Review Questions / 复习题  379 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  380 10 Arrays and Pointers  383 第 10章 数组和指针 Arrays / 数组  383 Initialization / 初始化数组  384 Designated Initializers (C99) / 指定初始化器（C99）  388 Assigning Array Values / 给数组元素赋值  390 Array Bounds / 数组边界  390 Specifying an Array Size / 指定数组的大小  392 Multidimensional Arrays / 多维数组  393 Initializing a Two-Dimensional Array / 初始化二维数组  397 More Dimensions / 其他多维数组  398 Pointers and Arrays / 指针和数组  398 Functions, Arrays, and Pointers / 函数、数组和指针  401 Using Pointer Parameters / 使用指针形参  404 Comment: Pointers and Arrays / 指针表示法和数组表示法  407 Pointer Operations / 指针操作  407 Protecting Array Contents / 保护数组中的数据  412 Using const with Formal Parameters / 对形式参数使用const  413 More About const / const的其他内容  415 Pointers and Multidimensional Arrays / 指针和多维数组  417 Pointers to Multidimensional Arrays / 指向多维数组的指针  420 Pointer Compatibility / 指针的兼容性  421 Functions and Multidimensional Arrays / 函数和多维数组  423 Variable-Length Arrays (VLAs) / 变长数组（VLA）  427 Compound Literals / 复合字面量  431 Key Concepts / 关键概念  434 Summary / 本章小结  435 Review Questions / 复习题  436 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  439 11 Character Strings and String Functions  441 第 11章 字符串和字符串函数 Representing Strings and String I/O / 表示字符串和字符串I/O  441 Defining Strings Within a Program / 在程序中定义字符串  442 Pointers and Strings / 指针和字符串  451 String Input / 字符串输入  453 Creating Space / 分配空间  453 The Unfortunate gets() Function / 不幸的gets()函数  453 The Alternatives to gets() / gets()的替代品  455 The scanf() Function / scanf()函数  462 String Output / 字符串输出  464 The puts() Function / puts()函数  464 The fputs() Function / fputs()函数  465 The printf() Function / printf()函数  466 The Do-It-Yourself Option / 自定义输入/输出函数  466 String Functions / 字符串函数  469 The strlen() Function / strlen()函数  469 The strcat() Function / strcat()函数  471 The strncat() Function / strncat()函数  473 The strcmp() Function / strcmp()函数  475 The strcpy() and strncpy() Functions / strcpy()和strncpy()函数  482 The sprintf() Function / sprintf()函数  487 Other String Functions / 其他字符串函数  489 A String Example: Sorting Strings / 字符串示例：字符串排序  491 Sorting Pointers Instead of Strings / 排序指针而非字符串  493 The Selection Sort Algorithm / 选择排序算法  494 The ctype.h Character Functions and Strings / ctype.h字符函数和字符串  495 Command-Line Arguments / 命令行参数  497 Command-Line Arguments in Integrated Environments / 集成环境中的命令行参数  500 Command-Line Arguments with the Macintosh / Macintosh中的命令行参数  500 String-to-Number Conversions / 把字符串转换为数字  500 Key Concepts / 关键概念  504 Summary / 本章小结  504 Review Questions / 复习题  505 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  508 12 Storage Classes, Linkage, and Memory Management  511 第 12章 存储类别、链接和内存管理 Storage Classes / 存储类别  511 Scope / 作用域  513 Linkage / 链接  515 Storage Duration / 存储期  516 Automatic Variables / 自动变量  518 Register Variables / 寄存器变量  522 Static Variables with Block Scope / 块作用域的静态变量  522 Static Variables with External Linkage / 外部链接的静态变量  524 Static Variables with Internal Linkage / 内部链接的静态变量  529 Multiple Files / 多文件  530 Storage-Class Specifier Roundup / 存储类别说明符  530 Storage Classes and Functions / 存储类别和函数  533 Which Storage Class / 存储类别的选择  534 A Random-Number Function and a Static Variable / 随机数函数和静态变量  534 Roll’Em / 掷骰子  538 Allocated Memory: malloc() and free() / 分配内存：malloc()和free()  543 The Importance of free() / free()的重要性  547 The calloc() Function / calloc()函数  548 Dynamic Memory Allocation and Variable-Length Arrays / 动态内存分配和变长数组  548 Storage Classes and Dynamic Memory Allocation / 存储类别和动态内存分配  549 ANSI C Type Qualifiers / ANSI C类型限定符  551 The const Type Qualifier / const类型限定符  552 The volatile Type Qualifier / volatile类型限定符  554 The restrict Type Qualifier / restrict类型限定符  555 The _Atomic Type Qualifier (C11) / _Atomic类型限定符（C11）  556 New Places for Old Keywords / 旧关键字的新位置  557 Key Concepts / 关键概念  558 Summary / 本章小结  558 Review Questions / 复习题  559 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  561 13 File Input/Output  565 第 13章 文件输入/输出 Communicating with Files / 与文件进行通信  565 What Is a File / 文件是什么  566 The Text Mode and the Binary Mode / 文本模式和二进制模式  566 Levels of I/O / I/O的级别  568 Standard Files / 标准文件  568 Standard I/O / 标准I/O  568 Checking for Command-Line Arguments / 检查命令行参数  569 The fopen() Function / fopen()函数  570 The getc() and putc() Functions / getc()和putc()函数  572 End-of-File / 文件结尾  572 The fclose() Function / fclose()函数  574 Pointers to the Standard Files / 指向标准文件的指针  574 A Simple-Minded File-Condensing Program / 一个简单的文件压缩程序  574 File I/O: fprintf(), fscanf(), fgets(), and fputs() / 文件I/O：fprintf()、fscanf()、fgets()和fputs()  576 The fprintf() and fscanf() Functions / fprintf()和fscanf()函数  576 The fgets() and fputs() Functions / fgets()和fputs()函数  578 Adventures in Random Access: fseek() and ftell() / 随机访问：fseek()和ftell()  579 How fseek() and ftell() Work / fseek()和ftell()的工作原理  580 Binary Versus Text Mode / 二进制模式和文本模式  582 Portability / 可移植性  582 The fgetpos() and fsetpos() Functions / fgetpos()和fsetpos()函数  583 Behind the Scenes with Standard I/O / 标准I/O的机理  583 Other Standard I/O Functions / 其他标准I/O函数  584 The int ungetc(int c, FILE *fp) Function / int ungetc(int c, FILE *fp)函数  585 The int fflush() Function / int fflush()函数  585 The int setvbuf() Function / int setvbuf()函数  585 Binary I/O: fread() and fwrite() / 二进制I/O：fread()和fwrite()  586 The size_t fwrite() Function / size_t fwrite()函数  588 The size_t fread() Function / size_t fread()函数  588 The int feof(FILE *fp) and int ferror(FILE *fp) Functions / int feof(FILE *fp)和int ferror(FILE *fp)函数  589 An fread() and fwrite() Example / 一个程序示例  589 Random Access with Binary I/O / 用二进制I/O进行随机访问  593 Key Concepts / 关键概念  594 Summary / 本章小结  595 Review Questions / 复习题  596 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  598 14 Structures and Other Data Forms  601 第 14章 结构和其他数据形式 Sample Problem: Creating an Inventory of Books / 示例问题：创建图书目录  601 Setting Up the Structure Declaration / 建立结构声明  604 Defining a Structure Variable / 定义结构变量  604 Initializing a Structure / 初始化结构  606 Gaining Access to Structure Members / 访问结构成员  607 Initializers for Structures / 结构的初始化器  607 Arrays of Structures / 结构数组  608 Declaring an Array of Structures / 声明结构数组  611 Identifying Members of an Array of Structures / 标识结构数组的成员  612 Program Discussion / 程序讨论  612 Nested Structures / 嵌套结构  613 Pointers to Structures / 指向结构的指针  615 Declaring and Initializing a Structure Pointer / 声明和初始化结构指针  617 Member Access by Pointer / 用指针访问成员  617 Telling Functions About Structures / 向函数传递结构的信息  618 Passing Structure Members / 传递结构成员  618 Using the Structure Address / 传递结构的地址  619 Passing a Structure as an Argument / 传递结构  621 More on Structure Features / 其他结构特性  622 Structures or Pointer to Structures / 结构和结构指针的选择  626 Character Arrays or Character Pointers in a Structure / 结构中的字符数组和字符指针  627 Structure, Pointers, and malloc() / 结构、指针和malloc()  628 Compound Literals and Structures (C99) / 复合字面量和结构（C99）  631 Flexible Array Members (C99) / 伸缩型数组成员（C99）  633 Anonymous Structures (C11) / 匿名结构（C11）  636 Functions Using an Array of Structures / 使用结构数组的函数  637 Saving the Structure Contents in a File / 把结构内容保存到文件中  639 A Structure-Saving Example / 保存结构的程序示例  640 Program Points / 程序要点  643 Structures: What Next / 链式结构  644 Unions: A Quick Look / 联合简介  645 Using Unions / 使用联合  646 Anonymous Unions (C11) / 匿名联合（C11）  647 Enumerated Types / 枚举类型  649 enum Constants / enum常量  649 Default Values / 默认值  650 Assigned Values / 赋值  650 enum Usage / enum的用法  650 Shared Namespaces / 共享名称空间  652 typedef: A Quick Look / typedef简介  653 Fancy Declarations / 其他复杂的声明  655 Functions and Pointers / 函数和指针  657 Key Concepts / 关键概念  665 Summary / 本章小结  665 Review Questions / 复习题  666 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  669 15 Bit Fiddling  673 第 15章 位操作 Binary Numbers, Bits, and Bytes / 二进制数、位和字节  674 Binary Integers / 二进制整数  674 Signed Integers / 有符号整数  675 Binary Floating Point / 二进制浮点数  676 Other Number Bases / 其他进制数  676 Octal / 八进制  677 Hexadecimal / 十六进制  677 C’s Bitwise Operators / C按位运算符  678 Bitwise Logical Operators / 按位逻辑运算符  678 Usage: Masks / 用法：掩码  680 Usage: Turning Bits On (Setting Bits) / 用法：打开位（设置位）  681 Usage: Turning Bits Off (Clearing Bits) / 用法：关闭位（清空位）  682 Usage: Toggling Bits / 用法：切换位  683 Usage: Checking the Value of a Bit / 用法：检查位的值  683 Bitwise Shift Operators / 移位运算符  684 Programming Example / 编程示例  685 Another Example / 另一个例子  688 Bit Fields / 位字段  690 Bit-Field Example / 位字段示例  692 Bit Fields and Bitwise Operators / 位字段和按位运算符  696 Alignment Features (C11) / 对齐特性（C11）  703 Key Concepts / 关键概念  705 Summary / 本章小结  706 Review Questions / 复习题  706 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  708 16 The C Preprocessor and the C Library  711 第 16章 C预处理器和C库 First Steps in Translating a Program / 翻译程序的第 一步  712 Manifest Constants: #define / 明示常量：#define  713 Tokens / 记号  717 Redefining Constants / 重定义常量  717 Using Arguments with #define / 在#define中使用参数  718 Creating Strings from Macro Arguments: The # Operator / 用宏参数创建字符串：#运算符  721 Preprocessor Glue: The ## Operator / 预处理器粘合剂：##运算符  722 Variadic Macros: ... and _ _VA_ARGS_ _ / 变参宏：...和_ _VA_ARGS_ _  723 Macro or Function / 宏和函数的选择  725 File Inclusion: #include / 文件包含：#include  726 Header Files: An Example / 头文件示例  727 Uses for Header Files / 使用头文件  729 Other Directives / 其他指令  730 The #undef Directive / #undef指令  731 Being Defined—The C Preprocessor Perspective / 从C预处理器角度看已定义  731 Conditional Compilation / 条件编译  731 Predefined Macros / 预定义宏  737 #line and #error / #line和#error  738 #pragma / #pragma  739 Generic Selection (C11) / 泛型选择（C11）  740 Inline Functions (C99) / 内联函数（C99）  741 _Noreturn Functions (C11) / _Noreturn函数（C11）  744 The C Library / C库  744 Gaining Access to the C Library / 访问C库  745 Using the Library Descriptions / 使用库描述  746 The Math Library / 数学库  747 A Little Trigonometry / 三角问题  748 Type Variants / 类型变体  750 The tgmath.h Library (C99) / tgmath.h库（C99）  752 The General Utilities Library / 通用工具库  753 The exit() and atexit() Functions / exit()和atexit()函数  753 The qsort() Function / qsort()函数  755 The Assert Library / 断言库  760 Using assert / assert的用法  760 _Static_assert (C11) / _Static_assert（C11）  762 memcpy() and memmove() from the string.h Library / string.h库中的memcpy()和memmove()  763 Variable Arguments: stdarg.h / 可变参数：stdarg.h  765 Key Concepts / 关键概念  768 Summary / 本章小结  768 Review Questions / 复习题  768 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  770 17 Advanced Data Representation  773 第 17章 高 级数据表示 Exploring Data Representation / 研究数据表示  774 Beyond the Array to the Linked List / 从数组到链表  777 Using a Linked List / 使用链表  781 Afterthoughts / 反思  786 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) / 抽象数据类型（ADT）  786 Getting Abstract / 建立抽象  788 Building an Interface / 建立接口  789 Using the Interface / 使用接口  793 Implementing the Interface / 实现接口  796 Getting Queued with an ADT / 队列ADT  804 Defining the Queue Abstract Data Type / 定义队列抽象数据类型  804 Defining an Interface / 定义一个接口  805 Implementing the Interface Data Representation / 实现接口数据表示  806 Testing the Queue / 测试队列  815 Simulating with a Queue / 用队列进行模拟  818 The Linked List Versus the Array / 链表和数组  824 Binary Search Trees / 二叉查找树  828 A Binary Tree ADT / 二叉树ADT  829 The Binary Search Tree Interface / 二叉查找树接口  830 The Binary Tree Implementation / 二叉树的实现  833 Trying the Tree / 使用二叉树  849 Tree Thoughts / 树的思想  854 Other Directions / 其他说明  856 Key Concepts / 关键概念  856 Summary / 本章小结  857 Review Questions / 复习题  857 Programming Exercises / 编程练习  858 A Answers to the Review Questions  861 附录A 复习题答案 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 1 / 第 1章复习题答案  861 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 2 / 第 2章复习题答案  862 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 3 / 第3章复习题答案  863 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 4 / 第4章复习题答案  866 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 5 / 第5章复习题答案  869 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 6 / 第6章复习题答案  872 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 7 / 第7章复习题答案  876 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 8 / 第8章复习题答案  879 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 9 / 第9章复习题答案  881 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 10 / 第 10章复习题答案  883 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 11 / 第 11章复习题答案  886 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 12 / 第 12章复习题答案  890 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 13 / 第 13章复习题答案  891 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 14 / 第 14章复习题答案  894 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 15 / 第 15章复习题答案  898 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 16 / 第 16章复习题答案  899 Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 17 / 第 17章复习题答案  901 B Reference Section  905 附录B 参考资料 Section Ⅰ: Additional Reading / 参考资料Ⅰ：补充阅读  905 Online Resources / 在线资源  905 C Language Books / C语言书籍  907 Programming Books / 编程书籍  907 Reference Books / 参考书籍  908 C++ Books / C++书籍  908 Section Ⅱ: C Operators / 参考资料Ⅱ：C运算符  908 Arithmetic Operators / 算术运算符  909 Relational Operators / 关系运算符  910 Assignment Operators / 赋值运算符  910 Logical Operators / 逻辑运算符  911 The Conditional Operator / 条件运算符  911 Pointer-Related Operators / 与指针有关的运算符  912 Sign Operators / 符号运算符  912 Structure and Union Operators / 结构和联合运算符  912 Bitwise Operators / 按位运算符  913 Miscellaneous Operators / 混合运算符  914 Section Ⅲ: Basic Types and Storage Classes / 参考资料Ⅲ：基本类型和存储类别  915 Summary: The Basic Data Types / 总结：基本数据类型  915 Summary: How to Declare a Simple Variable / 总结：如何声明一个简单变量  917 Summary: Qualifiers / 总结：限定符  919 Section Ⅳ: Expressions, Statements, and Program Flow / 参考资料Ⅳ：表达式、语句和程序流  920 Summary: Expressions and Statements / 总结：表达式和语句  920 Summary: The while Statement / 总结：while语句  921 Summary: The for Statement / 总结：for语句  921 Summary: The do while Statement / 总结：do while语句  922 Summary: Using if Statements for Making Choices / 总结：if语句  923 Summary: Multiple Choice with switch / 带多重选择的switch语句  924 Summary: Program Jumps / 总结：程序跳转  925 Section Ⅴ: The Standard ANSI C Library with C99 and C11 Additions / 参考资料Ⅴ：新增C99和C11的ANSI C库  926 Diagnostics: assert.h / 断言：assert.h  926 Complex Numbers: complex.h (C99) / 复数：complex.h（C99）  927 Character Handling: ctype.h / 字符处理：ctype.h  929 Error Reporting: errno.h / 错误报告：errno.h  930 Floating-Point Environment: fenv.h (C99) / 浮点环境：fenv.h（C99）  930 Floating-point Characteristics: float.h / 浮点特性：float.h  933 Format Conversion of Integer Types: inttypes.h (C99) / 整数类型的格式转换：inttypes.h  935 Alternative Spellings: iso646.h / 可选拼写：iso646.h  936 Localization: locale.h / 本地化：locale.h  936 Math Library: math.h / 数学库：math.h  939 Non-Local Jumps: setjmp.h / 非本地跳转：setjmp.h  945 Signal Handling: signal.h / 信号处理：signal.h  945 Alignment: stdalign.h (C11) / 对齐：stdalign.h（C11）  946 Variable Arguments: stdarg.h / 可变参数：stdarg.h  947 Atomics Support: stdatomic.h (C11) / 原子支持：stdatomic.h（C11）  948 Boolean Support: stdbool.h (C99) / 布尔支持：stdbool.h（C99）  948 Common Definitions: stddef.h / 通用定义：stddef.h  948 Integer Types: stdint.h / 整数类型：stdint.h  949 Standard I/O Library: stdio.h / 标准I/O库：stdio.h  953 General Utilities: stdlib.h / 通用工具：stdlib.h  956 _Noreturn: stdnoreturn.h / _Noreturn：stdnoreturn.h  962 String Handling: string.h / 处理字符串：string.h  962 Type-Generic Math: tgmath.h (C99) / 通用类型数学：tgmath.h（C99）  965 Threads: threads.h (C11) / 线程：threads.h（C11）  967 Date and Time: time.h / 日期和时间：time.h  967 Unicode Utilities: uchar.h (C11) / 统一码工具：uchar.h（C11）  971 Extended Multibyte and Wide-Character Utilities: wchar.h (C99) / 扩展的多字节字符和宽字符工具：wchar.h（C99）  972 Wide Character Classification and Mapping Utilities: wctype.h (C99) / 宽字符分类和映射工具：wctype.h（C99）  978 Section Ⅵ: Extended Integer Types / 参考资料Ⅵ：扩展的整数类型  980 Exact-Width Types / 精 确宽度类型  981 Minimum-Width Types / **小宽度类型  982 Fastest Minimum-Width Types / **快**小宽度类型  983 Maximum-Width Types / **大宽度类型  983 Integers That Can Hold Pointer Values / 可储存指针值的整型  984 Extended Integer Constants / 扩展的整型常量  984 Section Ⅶ: Expanded Character Support / 参考资料Ⅶ：扩展字符支持  984 Trigraph Sequences / 三字符序列  984 Digraphs / 双字符  985 Alternative Spellings: iso646.h / 可选拼写：iso646.h  986 Multibyte Characters / 多字节字符  986 Universal Character Names (UCNs) / 通用字符名（UCN）  987 Wide Characters / 宽字符  988 Wide Characters and Multibyte Characters / 宽字符和多字节字符  989 Section Ⅷ: C99/C11 Numeric Computational Enhancements / 参考资料Ⅷ：C99/C11数值计算增强  990 The IEC Floating-Point Standard / IEC浮点标准  990 The fenv.h Header File / fenv.h头文件  994 The STDC FP_CONTRACT Pragma / STDC FP_CONTRACT编译指示  995 Additions to the math.h Library / math.h库增补  995 Support for Complex Numbers / 对复数的支持  996 Section Ⅸ: Differences Between C and C++ / 参考资料Ⅸ：C和C++的区别  998 Function Prototypes / 函数原型  999 char Constants / char常量  1000 The const Modifier / const限定符  1000 Structures and Unions / 结构和联合  1001 Enumerations / 枚举  1002 Pointer-to-void / 指向void的指针  1002 Boolean Types / 布尔类型  1003 Alternative Spellings / 可选拼写  1003 Wide-Character Support / 宽字符支持  1003 Complex Types / 复数类型  1003 Inline Functions / 内联函数  1003 C99/11 Features Not Found in C++11 / C++11中没有的C99/C11特性  1004