Effective C++ 改善程序与设计的55个具体做法(第3版) 中文版 (美)斯考特·梅耶 著 侯捷 译

译序 vii
中英简繁术语对照 ix
目录 xvii
序言 xxi
致谢 xxiii
导读 1
1. 让自己习惯C++ 11
Accustoming Yourself to C++ 11
条款01：视C++ 为一个语言联邦 11
View C++ as a federation of languages 11
条款02：尽量以const, enum, inline替换 #define 13
Prefer consts,enums, and inlines to #defines. 13
条款03：尽可能使用const 17
Use const whenever possible. 17
条款04：确定对象被使用前已先被初始化 26
Make sure that objects are initialized before they＇re used. 26
2. 构造/析构/赋值运算 34
Constructors, Destructors, and Assignment Operators 34
条款05：了解C++ 默默编写并调用哪些函数 34
Know what functions C++ silently writes and calls. 34
条款06：若不想使用编译器自动生成的函数，就该明确拒绝 37
Explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated functions you do not want. 37
条款07：为多态基类声明virtual析构函数 40
Declare destructors virtual in polymorphic base classes. 40
条款08：别让异常逃离析构函数 44
Prevent exceptions from leaving destructors. 44
条款09：绝不在构造和析构过程中调用virtual函数 48
Never call virtual functions during construction or destruction. 48
条款10：令operator= 返回一个reference to *this 52
Have assignment operators return a reference to *this. 52
条款11：在operator= 中处理“自我赋值” 53
Handle assignment to self in operator=. 53
条款12：复制对象时勿忘其每一个成分 57
Copy all parts of an object. 57
3. 资源管理 61
Resource Management 61
条款13：以对象管理资源 61
Use objects to manage resources. 61
条款14：在资源管理类中小心copying行为 66
Think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing classes. 66
条款15：在资源管理类中提供对原始资源的访问 69
Provide access to raw resources in resource-managing classes. 69
条款16：成对使用new和delete时要采取相同形式 73
Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete. 73
条款17：以独立语句将newed对象置入智能指针 75
Store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statements. 75
4. 设计与声明 78
Designs and Declarations 78
条款18：让接口容易被正确使用，不易被误用 78
Make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly. 78
条款19：设计class犹如设计type 84
Treat class design as type design. 84
条款20：宁以pass-by-reference-to-const替换pass-by-value 86
Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value. 86
条款21：必须返回对象时，别妄想返回其reference 90
Don＇t try to return a reference when you must return an object. 90
条款22：将成员变量声明为private 94
Declare data members private. 94
条款23：宁以non-member、non-friend替换member函数 98
Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions. 98
条款24：若所有参数皆需类型转换，请为此采用non-member函数 102
Declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters. 102
条款25：考虑写出一个不抛异常的swap函数 106
Consider support for a non-throwing swap. 106
5. 实现 113
Implementations 113
条款26：尽可能延后变量定义式的出现时间 113
Postpone variable definitions as long as possible. 113
条款27：尽量少做转型动作 116
Minimize casting. 116
条款28：避免返回handles指向对象内部成分 123
Avoid returning "handles" to object internals. 123
条款29：为“异常安全”而努力是值得的 127
Strive for exception-safe code. 127
条款30：透彻了解inlining的里里外外 134
Understand the ins and outs of inlining. 134
条款31：将文件间的编译依存关系降至大力度优惠 140
Minimize compilation dependencies between files. 140
6. 继承与面向对象设计 149
Inheritance and Object-Oriented Design 149
条款32：确定你的public继承塑模出is-a关系 150
Make sure public inheritance models "is-a." 150
条款33：避免遮掩继承而来的名称 156
Avoid hiding inherited names. 156
条款34：区分接口继承和实现继承 161
Differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation. 161
条款35：考虑virtual函数以外的其他选择 169
Consider alternatives to virtual functions. 169
条款36：绝不重新定义继承而来的non-virtual函数 178
Never redefine an inherited non-virtual function. 178
条款37：绝不重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值 180
Never redefine a function＇s inherited default parameter value. 180
条款38：通过复合塑模出has-a或"根据某物实现出" 184
Model "has-a" or "is-implemented-in-terms-of" through composition. 184
条款39：明智而审慎地使用private继承 187
Use private inheritance judiciously. 187
条款40：明智而审慎地使用多重继承 192
Use multiple inheritance judiciously. 192
7. 模板与泛型编程 199
Templates and Generic Programming 199
条款41：了解隐式接口和编译期多态 199
Understand implicit interfaces and compile-time polymorphism. 199
条款42：了解typename的双重意义 203
Understand the two meanings of typename. 203
条款43：学习处理模板化基类内的名称 207
Know how to access names in templatized base classes. 207
条款44：将与参数无关的代码抽离templates 212
Factor parameter-independent code out of templates. 212
条款45：运用成员函数模板接受所有兼容类型 218
Use member function templates to accept "all compatible types." 218
条款46：需要类型转换时请为模板定义非成员函数 222
Define non-member functions inside templates when type conversions are desired. 222
条款47：请使用traits classes表现类型信息 226
Use traits classes for information about types. 226
条款48：认识template元编程 233
Be aware of template metaprogramming. 233
8. 定制new和delete 239
Customizing new and delete 239
条款49：了解new-handler的行为 240
Understand the behavior of the new-handler. 240
条款50：了解new和delete的合理替换时机 247
Understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete. 247
条款51：编写new和delete时需固守常规 252
Adhere to convention when writing new and delete. 252
条款52：写了placement new也要写placement delete 256
Write placement delete if you write placement new. 256
9. 杂项讨论 262
Miscellany 262
条款53：不要轻忽编译器的警告 262
Pay attention to compiler warnings. 262
条款54：让自己熟悉包括TR1在内的标准程序库 263
Familiarize yourself with the standard library, including TR1. 263
条款55：让自己熟悉Boost 269
Familiarize yourself with Boost. 269
A 本书之外 273
B 新旧版条款对映 277
索引 280