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1工艺及公用工程Process and Utilities1 1.1工艺流程图图例说明Process Flow Diagram/Legent Identification1 1.1.1物料代号Line Service（Fluid）Identification1 1.1.2在仪表符号中字母标志的意义Meanings of Identification Letters in Instrument Symbols2 1.1.3管道图例Piping Symbols3 1.1.4绘图示例——氨库装置Illustrative Drawing—Ammonia Storage Facility5 1.2工艺装置典型工艺流程图Typical Process Unit Flow Diagram6 1.2.1炼厂流程框图，润滑油型Refining Block Diagram，Lube Type6 1.2.2炼化一体化流程框图，炼油部分Refining Chemical Complex Block Diagram，Refining Part7 1.2.3炼化一体化流程框图,化工部分Refining Chemical Complex Block Diagram，Chemical Part9 1.2.4合成氨装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Ammonia Plant11 1.2.5尿素装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Urea Plant13 1.2.6乙烯装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram For Ethylene Plant15 1.2.7线性低密度聚乙烯装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for LLDPE Plant16 1.2.8管式法低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for L-Tubular DPE/EVA Plant17 1.2.9聚丙烯装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Polypropylene Plant18 1.2.10聚氯乙烯装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for PVC （Polyvinyl Chloride） Plant20 1.2.11环氧乙烷/乙二醇装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol Plant21 1.2.12合成气制乙二醇装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Syngas to Ethylene Glycol Plant23 1.2.13天然气液化装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant25 1.2.14液化天然气接收站工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Receiving Terminal27 1.2.15MTO装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Methanol to Olefin（MTO） 29 1.2.16MTP工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Methanol to Propylene30 1.2.17丙烷脱氢装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) Plant31 1.2.18煤气化工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Coal Gasification32 1.2.19煤制油工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Coal to Oil Plant34 1.2.20煤制甲醇工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Coal to Methanol36 1.2.21低温甲醇洗工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Rectisol37 1.2.22精对苯二甲酸装置（PTA）工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for PTA Plant38 1.2.23苯乙烯/环氧丙烷（SM/PO）装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for SM/PO Plant38 1.2.24聚醚多元醇装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Polyether Polyol Plant39 1.3公用工程典型工艺流程图Typical Utility Flow Diagram40 1.3.1空分空压装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Air Separation Unit and Compressed Air “Station”40 1.3.1.1深冷空分装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Cryogenic Air Separation Unit40 1.3.1.2变压吸附制氮装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for PSA Nitrogen Generation Unit42 1.3.1.3真空变压吸附制氧装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for VPSA Oxygen Generation Unit42 1.3.1.4膜分离制氮装置工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Membrane Module Nitrogen Generation Unit42 1.3.1.5空压站工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Compressed Air Station43 1.3.2循环冷却水工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Recirculating Cooling Water System43 1.3.3净水场工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Raw Water Treatment Plant44 1.3.4储运系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Storage and Transportation System44 1.3.5离子交换除盐水系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Demineralized Water System （Ion Exchanger System） 45 1.3.6污水处理工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Waste Water Treatment System47 1.3.7含盐废水处理装置流程图Process Flow Diagram for Salty Waste Water Treatment Unit49 1.3.8浓盐水蒸发系统流程图Process Flow Diagram for Brine Water Evaporation System51 1.3.9浓盐水结晶系统流程图Process Flow Diagram for Brine Water Crystallization System51 1.3.10反渗透除盐水工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Demineralized Water System （Reverse Osmosis System） 52 1.3.11锅炉房系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Boiler House53 1.3.11.1锅炉房给水系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Feed Water System of Boiler House53 1.3.11.2锅炉房锅炉给水系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Boiler Feed Water System of Boiler House54 1.3.11.3锅炉房锅炉燃烧系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Boiler Combustion System of Boiler House55 1.3.12热电站系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Thermal and Power Station56 1.3.12.1热电站汽机系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Steam Turbine System of Thermal and Power Station56 1.3.12.2汽轮机空冷系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Steam Turbine Air-Cooling Steam Condenser System57 1.3.12.3热电站锅炉系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Boiler System of Thermal and Power Station58 1.3.12.4热电站锅炉燃烧系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Boiler Combustion System of Thermal and Power Station58 1.3.12.5氨法烟气脱硫工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Flue Gas Desulfurization （FGD） System （Ammonia）59 1.3.12.6石灰石/石灰-石膏法烟气脱硫工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Flue Gas Desulfurization （FGD） System （Limestone/Lime-Gypsum） 60 1.3.12.7烟气脱硝SCR系统流程图Process Flow Diagram for Flue Gas Selective Catalytic Reduction （SCR） Denitrification System60 1.3.12.8尿素SNCR脱硝系统流程图Process Flow Diagram for Flue Gas Urea Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction （SNCR） Denitrification System61 1.3.12.9余热ORC发电系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Waste Heat Organic Rankiee Cycle （ORC） Power Generation System62 1.3.13物料处理系统典型工艺流程图Typical Process Flow Diagram for Material Handling System62 1.3.13.1破碎筛分系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Crushing and Screening System62 1.3.13.2添加剂计量系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Additive Metering System63 1.3.13.3挤压造粒系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Extrusion Pelletizing System63 1.3.13.4掺混及储存系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Blending and Storing System64 1.3.13.5包装码垛系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Packing and Palletizing System64 1.3.13.6煤储运系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Coal Storage and Transport System65 1.3.13.7磨煤干燥装置 （CMD） 工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Coal Milling and Drying System66 1.4工艺流程模拟计算Process Flowsheet Simulation67 1.4.1工艺流程图Process Flowsheet67 1.4.2热力学模型Thermodynamic Model68 1.4.3模型修正Model Modify69 1.4.4用户输入User Input70 1.4.5石油馏分数据Petroleum Component Data71 1.4.6蒸馏塔Distillation Column72 1.4.7尺寸设计和校核Sizing and Rating73 1.4.8收敛数据Convergence Data74 1.4.9优化Optimization75 1.4.10流程收敛Flowsheet Convergence76 1.4.11用户定义User Interface77 1.4.12结果汇总Result Summary78 1.4.13设置选项Setup Option79 1.4.14用户定制模拟程序Customizing Simulation Engine80 1.4.15塔内件Column Internals81 1.4.16负荷性能图Hydraulic Plots82 1.4.17流动场分析Computational Fluid Dynamics83 2环境保护Environmental Protection84 2.1化工企业排放的主要污染物Pollutants Discharged by Chemical Industrial Enterprise84 2.1.1废气污染物Waste Gas Pollutants84 2.1.2废水污染物Waste Water Pollutants84 2.1.3固体废弃物Waste Solid 85 2.1.4其他Others85 2.2环境质量Environmental Quality85 2.2.1环境空气质量Ambient Environmental Quality85 2.2.2地表水环境质量Surface Water Environmental Quality86 2.2.3声环境质量Noise Environmental Quality86 2.2.4其他Others86 2.3化工企业三废污染控制Chemical Industrial Enterprise Wastes Pollution Control86 2.3.1大气污染控制Air Pollution Control 86 2.3.2工艺废水污染控制Process Wastewater Pollution Control86 2.3.3固体废物污染控制Waste Solid Pollution Control88 2.3.4噪声污染控制Noise Pollution Control88 2.4大气污染物扩散Air Pollutant Dispersion88 2.4.1烟羽形态The Shapes of Stack Plumes88 2.4.2局地环流对大气污染的影响Effects of Atmospheric Circulation in Localized Areas on Air Pollution89 2.4.2.1海陆风对沿岸地带空气污染的影响Effect of Ocean Wind and Land Wind on Air Pollution in Coast-Land89 2.4.2.2热岛效应Heat Island Effect89 2.5固体废弃物处理Waste Solid Treatment89 2.5.1安全填埋场Security Landfill Disposal Site89 2.5.2焚烧厂Incineration Plant90 2.6污染物治理措施Pollution Control Facility 91 2.6.1废气治理措施Waste Gas Treatment91 2.6.1.1VOCs 吸收工艺流程图VOCs Absorption Process Flow Diagram91 2.6.1.2蓄热式氧化器工艺流程简图Simplified Process Flow Diagram of RTO91 2.6.1.3废气流化床吸附工程示意图Fluidized Bed Adsorption of Waste Gas 91 2.6.1.4废气催化氧化处理工艺Waste Gas Catalyzed Oxidation Process Diagram 92 2.6.1.5袋式除尘器Bag Dust collector 92 2.6.1.6湿式除尘器Wet Collector 93 2.6.1.7氨法脱硫工艺Process Flow Diagram Of De-SO2 With Ammonia 94 2.6.1.8氨法选择性催化氧化还原工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram of SCR with Ammonia 94 2.6.1.9尿素选择性非催化氧化还原工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram of SNCR with Urea 95 2.6.2多效蒸发系统Multi-effect Evaporation System95 2.6.3重点污染防治区防渗结构图示Spe Important Pollution Prevention and Control Area Penetration Prevention Structure Diagram96 2.6.4噪声控制措施Noise Control Facility96 3消防、安全和职业卫生Fire Fighting,Safety and Occupational Health97 3.1消防系统流程图Flow Diagram of Fire Fighting System97 3.1.1水喷淋典型流程图Typical Flow Diagram of Water Sprinkler System97 3.1.2泡沫消防典型流程图Typical Flow Diagram of Foam Extinguishing System97 3.1.3气体灭火系统典型流程图Typical Flow Diagram of Gas Extinguishing System98 3.1.4干粉灭火系统典型流程图Typical Flow Diagram of Dry Chemical Extinguishing System98 3.2消防设备Fire Fighting Equipment99 3.2.1消防车Fire Truck99 3.2.1.1泡沫消防车Foam Fire Truck99 3.2.1.2干粉消防车Dry Powder Fire Truck99 3.2.1.3水罐消防车Water Fire Truck100 3.2.1.4直臂云梯车Straight Arm and Scaling Ladder Truck100 3.2.2消防泵Fire Pump101 3.2.3泡沫灭火设备Foam Extinguishing Equipment102 3.2.3.1泡沫液储罐Foam Storage Tank102 3.2.3.2混合器及比例混合系统Proportioners and Proportioning Systems103 3.2.3.3泡沫炮Foam Monitor104 3.2.3.4拖车式泡沫比例混合装置Proportioning Foam Trailer105 3.2.3.5泡沫产生器Foam Generator/Maker105 3.2.3.6泡沫喷头Foam Nozzle106 3.2.3.7泡沫枪Foam Nozzle106 3.2.4消火栓Fire Hydrant107 3.2.5消防水泵接合器Fire Pump Connection108 3.2.6消防水炮Fire Water Monitor108 3.2.7电控消防水炮Electric Monitor109 3.2.8消防接口和闷盖Fire Quick Coupling and Cap109 3.2.8.1管牙接口Quick Coupling109 3.2.8.2肘接口Elbow Coupling109 3.2.8.3进水口闷盖Water Inlet Cap110 3.2.8.4出水口闷盖Water Outlet Cap110 3.2.9灭火器Fire Extinguisher110 3.2.9.1推车式干粉灭火器Wheel Dry Powder Extinguisher 110 3.2.9.2手提式干粉灭火器Portable Dry Powder Extinguisher111 3.2.9.3手提式二氧化碳灭火器Portable Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher 111 3.2.9.4手提式泡沫灭火器Portable Foam Extinguisher111 3.2.10消防水带Fire Hose111 3.2.11灭火剂Fire Extinguishing Agent112 3.2.11.1清水Water112 3.2.11.2泡沫液Foam Concentrate（or Concentrate）112 3.2.11.3干粉Dry Powder112 3.2.11.4卤代烷Halogenated Agent112 3.2.11.5二氧化碳Carbon Dioxide（CO2）112 3.2.11.6氮气Nitrogen（N2）112 3.3安全设备Safety Equipment112 3.3.1呼吸器Breathing Apparatus112 3.3.2防护服Chemical Suit112 3.3.3其他安全设备Other Safety Equipment113 3.3.3.1防护手套Gloves113 3.3.3.2口罩Gauze Mask113 3.3.3.3面罩Mask113 3.3.3.4安全帽及防护屏Safety Helmet and Face Shields113 3.3.3.5耳罩及耳塞Earmuffs and Earplugs113 3.3.3.6安全带和安全绳Safety Belt and Safety Ropes113 3.3.3.7防护眼镜Protection Spectacles114 3.3.3.8防护鞋Protection Shose114 3.3.3.9急救箱First Aid Box114 3.3.3.10灭火毯Fire Blanket 114 3.3.3.11事故淋浴洗眼器Safety Shower and Eye Washer114 3.3.3.12便携式事故淋浴洗眼器Portable Emergency Eye Washer115 4成套设备Package Equipment116 4.1空分设备Air Separation Unit116 4.1.1冷箱Cold Box116 4.1.2变压吸附制氮装置/真空变压吸附制氧装置PSA Nitrogen Generation Unit/VPSA Oxygen Generation Unit117 4.1.3膜分离制氮装置Membrane Module Nitrogen Generation Unit117 4.2制冷机Refrigerator118 4.2.1制冷装置Refrigeration Unit118 4.2.2辅助设备Auxiliary Equipments118 4.3低温冷箱Cryogenic Cold Box120 4.3.1CO分离CO Separation120 4.3.2液氮洗Nitrogen Wash121 4.4冷却塔Cooling Towers121 4.4.1自然通风冷却塔Natural Draft Cooling Tower121 4.4.2横流冷却塔Crossflow Cooling Tower122 4.4.3逆流冷却塔Counterflow Cooling Tower122 4.5过滤器Filter123 4.5.1压力过滤器Pressure Filter123 4.5.2重力无阀过滤器Gravity Valveless Filter123 4.6双室浮动阳（阴）离子交换器Double Chamber Floating Cation （Anion）Exchanger124 4.7逆流再生阳（阴）离子交换器Countercurrent Regeneration Cation （Anion）Exchanger125 4.8顺流再生阳 （阴） 离子交换器Concurrent Regeneration Cation （Anion） Exchanger125 4.9混合离子交换器Mixed Ion Exchanger126 4.10反渗透膜元件Reverse Osmosis Membrane126 4.11脱气塔Degassing Tower127 4.12微孔曝气器Fine Bubble Diffusion Aerator127 4.13转刷曝气机Brush Aerator128 4.14表面曝气机Surface Aerator128 4.15火炬Flare Stacks129 4.15.1火炬系统Flare System129 4.15.2火炬头Flare Tip131 4.15.3地面火炬Multi-point Ground Flare132 4.16输送机和提升机Conveyor and Elevator133 4.16.1带式输送机Belt （Band） Conveyor133 4.16.1.1带式输送机示意图Belt Conveyor Sketch133 4.16.1.2带式输送机系统Belt Conveyor Systems133 4.16.1.3带式输送机部件Belt （Band） Conveyor Components135 4.16.1.4拼装式皮带输送机和移动式皮带输送机Pre-built Sectional Belt Conveyor and Mobile Belt Conveyor138 4.16.1.5裙状挡板大倾角带式输送机Skirt Side Plate Inclined Belt Conveyor139 4.16.1.6双带提升机Twin Riser140 4.16.1.7中心距超过180m的单轮传动带式输送机用的张紧装置Take-up Unit for Single Drum Drive Belt Conveyor Exceeding 180 Meters Centres140 4.16.1.8双轮传动带式输送机的张紧装置Take-up Unit for Dual Drum Dive Belt Conveyor141 4.16.2垂直提升（输送）机Vertical Elevator （Conveyor）141 4.16.2.1斗式提升机Bucket Elevator141 4.16.2.2垂直提升机和箱类提升机Vertical Rising Conveyor and Case Elevator142 4.16.3埋刮板式输送机En Masse Conveyor143 4.16.4螺旋输送机Screw Conveyor143 4.16.5辊子输送机Roller Conveyor144 4.16.6吊挂式链输送机和振动输送机Chain Trolley Conveyor and Vibrating Conveyor145 4.16.6.1吊挂式链输送机Chain Trolley Conveyor145 4.16.6.2吊挂式链输送机部件Unit of Chain Trolley Conveyor145 4.16.6.3振动输送机Vibrating Conveyor147 4.16.7气力输送机系统Pneumatic Conveying System147 4.16.7.1正压气力输送系统Pressure Pneumatic Conveying System147 4.16.7.2负压气力输送系统Vacuum Pneumatic Conveying System147 4.16.7.3正负压相结合的系统Pressure with Vacuum Pneumatic Conveying System148 4.16.7.4封闭环形气力输送系统Closed Pneumatic Conveying System148 4.16.7.5密相气力输送系统Dense Phase Pneumatic Conveying System148 4.16.7.6稀相气力输送系统Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying System149 4.17破碎和筛分设备Crushing and Screening Equipment149 4.17.1颚式冲击破碎机Impact Jaw Crusher149 4.17.2颚式破碎机Jaw Crusher150 4.17.3回转球形破碎机Gyrasphere Crusher151 4.17.4盘式回转破碎机Tray Type Gyratory Crusher152 4.17.5液压锥形破碎机和冲击破碎机 （叶片破碎机）Hydraulic Cone Crusher and Impact Crusher（Impeller Breaker）154 4.17.6辊子粉碎机Roller Mill 155 4.17.7双轴锤式破碎机Double Shaft Hammer Mill 156 4.17.8磨机Mill 157 4.17.8.1球磨机Ball Mill 158 4.17.8.2中速磨Medium Speed Mill 158 4.17.8.3风扇磨Fan Mill 158 4.17.9干燥粉磨机Dryer-Pulveriser159 4.17.10返混设备布置Layout of Back Mixing Equipment160 4.17.11振动筛Vibrating Screen161 4.17.11.1往复式振动筛Reciprocating Vibrating Screen161 4.17.11.2圆振筛Round Separator162 4.17.12分级机Classifiers163 4.18料仓、料斗与阀门Storage Bin,Hopper and Valve164 4.18.1筒仓Silo164 4.18.2重力式掺混仓Gravity Blending Silo164 4.18.3料斗与溜槽Hopper and Chute165 4.18.4气动粉体插板阀Pneumatic Slide Valve165 4.18.5手动粉体插板阀Manual Slide Valve166 4.18.6粉体重力换向阀Gravity Flow Diverter166 4.18.7气动翻板换向阀Pneumatic Flap Diverter167 4.18.8气动转子换向阀Pneumatic Rotary Diverter168 4.18.9粉体旋转给料阀Rotary （Feeder） Valve168 4.19给料、 称重、 包装及码垛设备Feeding, Weighing, Bagging and Palletizing Machine169 4.19.1振动给料机Vibrating Feeder169 4.19.2电振动给料机Electric Vibrating Feeder170 4.19.3板式给料机Apron Feeder170 4.19.4（粉末） 均匀自动给料机Smooth Auto-Feeder171 4.19.5带式计量秤Dosing Belt Weigher172 4.19.6定量给料秤Constant Feed Weigher173 4.19.7失重式给料机Loss-in-Weight Feeder173 4.19.8自动装袋系统Auto Bagging System173 4.19.9自动码垛系统Automatic Palletizing System174 4.19.10托盘式缠绕机Pallet Stretch Wrapping Machine175 4.19.11热缩膜垛盘打包机Shrink Packing System175 4.20仓储设备Storage Equipment176 4.20.1堆取料机Stacker and Reclaimer176 4.20.1.1斗轮堆取料机Bucket Wheel Stacker and Reclaimer176 4.20.1.2圆形堆场堆取料机Stacker and Reclaimer for Circular Store176 4.20.1.3侧式悬臂堆料机Stacker for Longitudinal Store177 4.20.1.4门式取料机Portal Reclaimer177 4.20.2火车装车机Train Carriage Loader178 4.21LNG成套设备LNG Package Equipment178 4.21.1装卸臂Loading（Unloading）Arm178 4.21.2装车撬Truck Loading Skid179 4.21.3装车臂Truck Loading Arm179 4.21.4浸没燃烧式气化器Submerged Combustion Vaporizer180 4.22造粒机Granulator180 4.22.1钢带造粒机Steel Belt Granulator180 4.22.2转筒造粒机Rotating Drum Granulator181 5蒸汽动力系统Steam and Power System182 5.1锅炉Boiler182 5.1.1燃煤锅炉Coal Fired Boiler182 5.1.1.1火管锅炉及水管锅炉的基本形式Basic Patterns for Fire and Water Tube Boiler182 5.1.1.2椭圆管板换热器Ellipsoidal Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger183 5.1.1.3水冷管夹套换热器Cooling Tubes and Jacket Heat Exchanger184 5.1.1.4蒸汽净化及锅筒内件Steam Purification and Drum Internals185 5.1.1.5过热器Superheater190 5.1.1.6减温器Attemperator191 5.1.1.7空气预热器Air Preheater192 5.1.1.8炉排Grates193 5.1.1.9下饲炉排Underfeed Stoker194 5.1.1.10省煤器Economizer195 5.1.1.11喷燃器，燃烧器Burners196 5.1.1.12抛煤机Spreader Feeders198 5.1.1.13磨煤机Pulverizers199 5.1.2燃油（气）锅炉Oil-Fired Boiler and Gas-Fired Boiler200 5.1.2.1燃油（气）锅炉的结构Configure of Oil-Fired Boiler and Gas-Fired Boiler200 5.1.2.2燃油蒸汽锅炉系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Oil-Fired Steam Boiler System200 5.1.2.3燃气蒸汽锅炉系统工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Gas-Fired Steam Boiler System201 5.1.3循环流化床锅炉Circulation Fluidized Bed Boiler202 5.1.4特种锅炉Spe Boiler202 5.1.5热回收设备Heat Recovery Equipment203 5.1.5.1废液焚烧炉Waste Liquid Incinerator203 5.1.5.2余热锅炉Waste Heat Boiler204 5.1.5.3垃圾焚烧炉Garbage Incinerator205 5.1.5.4垃圾焚烧发电厂工艺流程图Process Flow Diagram for Garbage Incineration Power Plant206 5.2汽轮机Steam Turbine207 5.2.1汽轮机循环Steam Turbine Cycles207 5.2.2冲动式汽轮机Impulse Turbine208 5.2.3单级汽轮机Single Stage Steam Turbine209 5.2.4汽轮机轴封Turbine Glands and Gland Sealings210 5.2.5超速脱扣装置（保安器）Overspeed Tripping Device211 5.2.6汽轮机的润滑Lubrication of Steam Turbine212 5.2.7汽轮机供汽方式Methods of Steam Supply to a Turbine213 5.2.8汽轮机调速器Turbine Governor214 5.2.9汽轮机调速器及调速Governors and Governing of Steam Turbine216 5.2.10汽轮机的安装Installation of Steam Turbine218 5.3燃气轮机Gas Turbine219 5.3.1燃气轮机结构Constitution of Gas Turbine219 5.3.2燃气轮机发电机组Gas Turbine Power Plant219 5.3.3燃气轮机简单循环发电厂Gas Turbine Simple Cycle Power Plant220 5.3.4燃气轮机-蒸汽轮机联合循环发电厂Gas Turbine-Steam Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plant221 6设备Equipment222 6.1设备设计常用术语Terms and Definitions222 6.1.1一般术语General Terms222 6.1.2设备类型术语 Types of Equipment222 6.1.3压力容器分类术语Classification for Categories of Pressure Vessels222 6.2塔Column223 6.2.1板式塔Plate Column223 6.2.1.1液流型式Liquid-Flow Patterns225 6.2.1.2塔盘型式Types of Trays226 6.2.1.3塔盘的支承Supports of Tray233 6.2.1.4塔底结构及重（再）沸器Bottom Structures and Reboiler234 6.2.1.5进料和抽出Feed and Draw-off235 6.2.2填料塔Packed Column237 6.2.2.1填料型式Types of Packing239 6.2.2.2液体分布器和再分布器Liquid Distributors and Redistributors241 6.2.2.3填料压板和支承板Packing Hold-Down Plates and Support Plates243 6.2.3楼梯（梯子）和平台Stair and Platform244 6.2.4塔附件Tower Attachments245 6.2.5塔结构示例Column Examples249 6.2.5.1CO2吸收塔CO2 Absorber249 6.2.5.2再生塔/CO2汽提塔Regenerator/CO2 Stripper250 6.3反应设备Reactor251 6.3.1氨合成塔Ammonia Converter251 6.3.2尿素合成塔Urea Reactor253 6.3.3环管反应器Loop Reactor255 6.3.4氧氯化反应器Oxychlorination Reactor256 6.3.5聚合釜Polymerizer257 6.3.6隔膜电解槽Diaphragm Cells258 6.3.7变换炉Shift Converter259 6.4造粒设备Prilling Equipment260 6.4.1（造粒塔）总图及造粒喷头组装图General Assembly and Prill-Spray Assembly260 6.4.2造粒塔扒料机Prill Tower Reclaimer261 6.5换热设备Heat Exchanger263 6.5.1换热器的类型Types of Heat Exchangers263 6.5.2管壳式换热器Tubular Heat Exchanger266 6.5.3套管式换热器和刮面式换热器Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger and Scraped-Surface Exchanger277 6.5.4套管式纵向翅片换热器Double Pipe Longitudinal Finned Exchanger278 6.5.5板式换热器Plate Exchangers279 6.5.6蒸汽表面冷凝器，凝汽器Steam Surface Condensers280 6.5.7蒸发器Evaporators281 6.5.8空冷器、空气冷却器Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers282 6.6储罐Storage Tanks288 6.6.1储罐类型Types of Storage Tanks288 6.6.2固定顶储罐Fixed-Roof Tanks289 6.6.2.1储罐零部件名称Nomenclature of Tank Parts289 6.6.2.2罐顶结构Roof Structure292 6.6.3内浮顶罐Internal Floating Roof Tank295 6.6.4外浮顶罐External Floating Roof Tank296 6.6.4.1外浮顶罐零部件名称Nomenclature of External Floating Roof Tank Parts296 6.6.4.2外浮顶型式External Floating Roof Types298 6.6.4.3外浮顶罐的密封型式Seal Types of External Floating Roof Tank300 6.6.5球形储罐及其他低压大型储罐Spherical Tanks and Other Large Low-Pressure Storage Tanks301 6.6.6低温储罐Refrigerated Storage Tanks302 6.7衬里设备Lining Equipment303 6.7.1橡胶衬里设备Rubber Lining Equipment303 6.7.2搪玻璃设备Glass-Lined Equipment304 6.7.3衬砖设备Brick Lining Equipment306 6.8非金属设备Non-metal Equipment307 6.8.1石墨设备Graphite Equipment307 6.8.1.1石墨设备的类型Type of Graphite Equipment307 6.8.1.2石墨设备零件名称Components Nomenclature of Graphite Equipment308 6.8.2玻璃钢设备FRP（Fibre Reinforce Plastics）Equipment309 6.8.2.1玻璃钢设备的类型Type of FRP Equipment309 6.8.2.2玻璃钢管连接型式Type of FRP Pipe Joint309 6.9混合设备Mixing Equipment310 6.9.1搅拌器型式Types of Agitator310 6.9.2混合（搅拌）槽Mixing Tanks312 6.9.3管道混合器Line Mixers （Flow Mixers）313 6.9.4静止混合器Static Mixers314 6.9.5双螺杆连续混合机Double Screw Continuous Mixer315 6.9.6膏状物料及黏性物料混（拌）合设备Paste and Viscous-Material Mixing Equipments316 6.9.7固体混合机械Solids Mixing Machines318 6.10萃取器Extractors319 6.10.1浸提设备Leaching Equipments319 6.10.2连续萃取设备，连续抽提设备 Continuous Contact （Differential Contact）Equipments320 6.11旋风分离器、澄清器、过滤器和离心机Cyclone,Decanter,Filter and Centrifuger322 6.11.1旋风分离器Cyclone Separators322 6.11.2沉降罐、澄清器Gravity Settlers （Decanters）325 6.11.3气体洗涤器Gas Scrubbers326 6.11.4过滤机Filters328 6.11.4.1压滤机Pressure Filters328 6.11.4.2叶滤机Pressure Leaf Filters329 6.11.4.3袋式过滤器Bag Filers330 6.11.4.4转鼓真空过滤机Rotary-Drum Vacuum Filter331 6.11.5离心式分离机Centrifugal Separator332 6.11.5.1离心机Centrifuges332 6.11.5.2双鼓真空离心过滤机Double-Bowl Vacuum Centrifuge334 6.11.5.3静止叶片型离心式分离器Stationary Vane Type Centrifugal Separators335 6.12干燥器Dryers336 6.12.1直接干燥器Direct Dryers336 6.12.2间接干燥器Indirect Dryers338 6.12.3喷雾干燥器Spray Dryers339 6.12.3.1喷雾干燥装置Spray Dryer Installation339 6.12.3.2雾化喷头、喷雾嘴、雾化器Spray Nozzles（Atomizers）340 6.12.4气流（气动）输送干燥器Pneumatic Conveyor Dryers341 6.13其他静设备及部件Other Equipments and Components342 6.13.1石油炼制中的流化过程Fluidization Processes in Petroleum Refinery342 6.13.1.1流态化Fluidization343 6.13.1.2流化床分布器Distributors for Fluidized Bed344 6.13.2壳体和封头Shells and Heads345 6.13.3破沫器Demister348 6.13.3.1破沫器及其应用Demister and Its Applications348 6.13.3.2破沫网的安装和纤维除雾气Installation of Mesh and Fiber Mist Eliminator349 6.13.4设备支座Supports of Equipments350 6.13.5密封型式Types of Seal352 6.13.6非圆形截面容器Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section353 6.13.7其他容器及零部件名称Nomenclature of Other Vessels and Components355 6.14耐火衬里结构Refractory Lining Constructions358 6.14.1陶瓷纤维衬里结构Ceramic Fiber Lining Construction358 6.14.1.1陶瓷纤维毯结构Ceramic Fiber Blanket Layered Construction358 6.14.1.2陶瓷纤维模块结构Ceramic Fiber Modular Construction359 6.14.2砖炉衬结构Fire Brick Lining Construction360 6.14.3浇注料炉衬结构Castable Lining Construction362 6.15炉用零部件Furnace Components362 6.15.1炉管、管件及联箱（集合管）Tubes,Fitting and Header（Manifold）362 6.15.2燃烧器（烧嘴）和附属设备Burners and Accesseries364 6.15.3管板及管架Tube Sheet and Tube Supports365 6.15.4其他炉用附件Furnace Accessories366 6.16炉型及结构Types and Structure of Furnace368 6.16.1管式加热炉Tubular Heater368 6.16.2典型加热炉结构Typical Structure of Heater370 6.16.3转化炉Reformers371 6.16.3.1一段转化炉/转化炉Primary Reformer371 6.16.3.2二段转化炉Secondary Reformer373 6.16.3.3换热式转化炉Reforming Exchanger374 6.16.4裂解炉Cracking Furnace 375 6.16.5气化炉Gasifier376 6.16.5.1粉煤加压气化炉Pulverized-coal Pressurized Gasifier376 6.16.5.2水煤浆气化炉Coal-water Slurry Gasifier 377 6.16.5.3加压固定床煤气化炉Pressurized Fixed-bed Coal Gasifier 378 6.16.5.4流化床煤气化炉Fluidized-bed Coal Gasifier379 6.16.6余热回收和废热锅炉Waste Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Boiler380 6.16.6.1余热回收Waste Heat Recovery380 6.16.6.2CO燃烧废热锅炉CO Firing Waste Heat Boiler381 6.16.6.3废热锅炉Primary Waste Heat Boiler382 6.16.6.4第二废热锅炉Secondary Waste Heat Boiler383 6.16.7热载体加热炉Heat Carrier Heater384 6.16.7.1热载体加热炉系统Heat Carrier Heater System384 6.16.7.2水（油）浴炉Water（Oil）Bath Heater384 6.16.7.3热载体加热炉Heat Carrier Heater385 7转动机器Rotary Machine386 7.1泵Pump386 7.1.1各种形式的泵Various Types of Pumps386 7.1.2离心泵Centrifugal Pump391 7.1.3轴流泵Axial Flow Pump395 7.1.4管道泵Inline Pump396 7.1.5混流泵Mixed Flow Pump397 7.1.6斜流泵Diagonal Flow Pump398 7.1.7螺杆泵Screw Pump399 7.1.7.1单螺杆泵Progressive Cavity Pump399 7.1.7.2双螺杆泵Twin Screw Pump400 7.1.7.3三螺杆泵Three-Spindle Screw Pump400 7.1.8计量泵 Metering Pump401 7.1.9真空泵 Vacuum Pump402 7.1.9.1水环真空泵Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump402 7.1.9.2旋片式真空泵Vane Vacuum Pump402 7.1.9.3往复式真空泵Piston Vacuum Pump404 7.1.10气动隔膜泵 Air Operated Pump405 7.1.11往复泵Reciprocating Pump406 7.1.11.1活塞式往复泵Reciprocating Piston Pump406 7.1.11.2双作用蒸汽往复泵Duplex Acting Steam-Driven Reciprocating Pump406 7.1.11.3双作用活塞式往复泵（皮碗式） Double Action Reciprocating Pump（Bucket Type）407 7.1.12喷射泵Jet Pumps409 7.1.13喷射装置Ejector Units410 7.1.14皮托管泵Pitot Tube Pump412 7.2压缩机、鼓风机和风机Compressors，Blowers and Fans412 7.2.1螺杆压缩机Screw Compressor412 7.2.1.1无油螺杆压缩机Dry Screw Compressor412 7.2.1.2喷油螺杆压缩机Oil-injected Screw Compressor413 7.2.2往复式压缩机Reciprocating Compressor414 7.2.2.1活塞式压缩机Piston Compressor416 7.2.2.2迷宫式压缩机Labyrinth Compressor417 7.2.2.3隔膜式压缩机Diaphragm Compressor418 7.2.3低密度聚乙烯（超）高压压缩机High Pressure Compressor for Low Density Polythylene Process419 7.2.3.1高压气缸和中心型组合阀High-Pressure Cylinder and Central Valve421 7.2.3.2卸荷阀及其他阀Unloading Valve and Other Valves422 7.2.4离心压缩机Centrifugal Compressor424 7.2.4.1高速压缩机High Speed Compressor424 7.2.4.2水平剖分式离心压缩机Horizontally Split Centrifugal Compressor425 7.2.4.3径向剖分式离心压缩机Radially Split Centrifugal Compressor426 7.2.4.4整体齿轮式压缩机Integrally Geared Centrifugal Compressor427 7.2.4.5轴流压缩机Axial-flow Compressor428 7.2.5鼓风机Blowers428 7.2.6风机Fans430 7.2.7典型的空气压缩机装置Typical Air Compressor Unit432 7.3搅拌器Mixer433 7.4驱动机Driver434 7.4.1蒸汽轮机Steam Turbine434 7.4.2蒸汽轮机的分类与结构Classification and Structure of Steam Turbines435 7.4.3液力透平Hydraulic Turbine438 7.4.4燃气轮机Gas Turbine438 7.4.5烟气轮机Flue Gas Turbine439 7.4.6膨胀机/再压缩机Expander/Compressor439 7.4.7柴油机Diesel Engine440 7.5转动设备辅机Rotating Equipment Auxiliaries441 7.5.1液力耦合器Fluid Coupling441 7.5.2齿轮箱Gear441 7.5.3透平冷凝系统Turbine Condensing System442 8管道工程Piping Engineering443 8.1设备及管道布置Equipment and Piping Layout443 8.1.1设备布置Equipment Layout443 8.1.2管道布置图，配管图Piping Layout Drawing444 8.1.2.1管道平面布置Piping Plan Layout444 8.1.2.2立面图Section Drawing445 8.1.2.3管道布置——装置配管Piping Layout—Installation Piping446 8.1.3管道组装图（轴测图，管段图）Erection Diagram（Pipe Line Isometric Diagram）447 8.1.4伴热及夹套Tracing Lines and Jacket448 8.1.4.1蒸汽伴热管Steam Tracing Lines448 8.1.4.2热水伴热管Hot Water Tracing Lines449 8.1.4.3夹套管Jacket Lines449 8.1.4.4电伴热Electric Heat Tracing450 8.1.5急救冲洗和洗眼站Safety Shower and Eyewash Station451 8.2管道材料Piping Material452 8.2.1管子，弯管Pipe，Pipe Bends452 8.2.2管件Pipe Fitting453 8.2.2.1钢焊接管件Steel-Welding Fittings453 8.2.2.2螺纹管件Threaded Fittings454 8.2.2.3支管台与承插管件Outlet and Socket Welding Fittings455 8.2.2.4法兰管件Flanged Fittings456 8.2.2.5塑料压接管接头Plastics Compression Joints457 8.2.3法兰、法兰密封面Flanges,Flange Facings458 8.2.4管螺纹Pipe Threaded459 8.2.5垫片Gasket460 8.2.6管道用紧固件Piping Fastener461 8.2.7阀门Valve461 8.2.7.1阀杆与阀盖结构Valve Stem and Bonnet Structure461 8.2.7.2阀门Valves463 8.2.7.3闸阀Gate Valve471 8.2.7.4波纹管密封闸阀Bellows Sealed Gate Valve473 8.2.7.5截止阀Globe Valve474 8.2.7.6止回阀Check Valve475 8.2.7.7球阀Ball Valve476 8.2.7.8旋塞阀Plug Valve477 8.2.7.9蝶阀Butterfly Valve478 8.2.7.10弹簧安全泄压阀Spring Safety-Relief Valve480 8.2.7.11液面控制浮球阀Pilot Operated Ball Float Valve481 8.2.7.12阀门操纵机构Valve Operating Mechanisms482 8.2.7.13蒸汽疏水阀（器）和空气疏水阀（器）Steam Traps and Air Traps484 8.2.7.14热膨胀阀Thermo Expansion Valve486 8.2.8管道特殊件Pipe Spety487 8.2.8.1过滤器,阻火器Strainer ,Flame Arrester487 8.2.8.2分离器，消声器，取样冷却器Separator，Silencer,Sample Cooler488 8.2.8.3视镜Sight Glass489 8.2.9管道特殊元件Pipe Spe Element490 8.2.10填料Packings491 8.2.11管子端部连接End Connection in Tubing and Pipe492 8.3管道机械Piping Mechanics493 8.3.1金属软管Metal Flexible Hose493 8.3.2金属补偿器（膨胀节）Metal Expansion Joint493 8.3.2.1填函式伸缩节Packed Slip Expansion Joint493 8.3.2.2波纹补偿器（膨胀节）Bellows Expansion Joint494 8.3.3管道支吊架Pipe Hangers and Pipe Supports495 8.3.3.1管道支架Pipe Supports495 8.3.3.2管道吊架Pipe Hangers496 8.3.3.3弹簧架Spring Supports497 8.3.3.4管架零部件Attachments of Piping Supports497 8.4地下管道Underground Piping498 8.4.1地下管平面布置图Underground Piping Arrangement Drawing498 8.4.1.1地下管道图例Underground Piping Legend498 8.4.1.2地下管道管线代号Underground Pipe Line Code499 8.4.2地下管常见附属设施及构筑物Common Facility and Structure of U/G Piping499 8.5绝热Insulation500 8.5.1管道绝热Piping Insulation500 8.5.2立式容器的外部隔热External Thermal Insulation for Vertical Vessel502 8.6工程图常用缩写词（按字母顺序排列）Abbreviations for Use on Drawing（in Alphabetical Order）503 8.7防腐Anticorrosion518 8.7.1内防护Internal Anticorrosive Coating518 8.7.2三层聚乙烯涂层Three Layer Polyethylene Coating519 8.7.3表面处理Surface Preparation Vocabulary520 8.7.4涂料Paint520 8.7.5腐蚀Corrosion521 8.7.6其他常用词汇Others521 8.8管道应力分析Piping Stress Analysis522 8.8.1应变Strain522 8.8.2应力Stress523 8.8.3管道应力Piping Stress due to Forces and Moments524 8.8.4管道应力分析Piping Stress Analysis525 8.8.5管道应力分析输入条件Input of Piping Stress Analysis526 8.8.6管道柔性Piping Flexibility527 8.8.7管道动态效应Dynamic Effects on Piping527 8.8.8疲劳曲线Fatigue Curves528 8.9三维模型3D Model528 8.9.1三维管道设计软件专用词汇Vocabulary for 3D Piping Design Software528 8.9.1.1Smart Plant 3D管道模型分层管理词汇Hierarchical Management Vocabulary for Smart Plant 3D Piping Model528 8.9.1.2PDMS模型分层管理词汇Hierarchical Management Vocabulary for PDMS Model529 8.9.1.3PDMS数据库类型词汇Database Type Vocabulary for PDMS529 8.9.1.4PDS模块Module for PDMS530 8.9.1.5建立设备模板Create Equipment Template530 8.9.1.6建立基本体Create Primitives531 8.9.2Smart Plant Review 软件专用词汇Specific Vocabulary for Smart Plant Review531 8.9.2.1按钮Button531 8.9.2.2菜单Menu533 9工业自动化仪表Process Measurement and Control Instrument537 9.1温度计Thermometer537 9.1.1测温元件Thermometer Element537 9.1.2温度变送器Temperature Transmitter539 9.1.3辐射高温计Radiation Pyrometer540 9.1.4双金属温度计Bimetal Thermometer541 9.1.5光学高温计Radiation Pyrometer542 9.2压力测量仪表Pressure Instruments543 9.2.1电接点压力表和压力开关Pressure Gauge with Electric Contact and Pressure Switch543 9.2.2压力表Pressure Gauge544 9.2.3压力变送器Pressure Transmitter546 9.2.4基地式压力指示调节器Field Installed Type of Pressure Indicating and Controller547 9.2.5压力表的安装Installation of Pressure Gage548 9.3流量仪表Flow Meter549 9.3.1科氏力质量流量计Coriolis Mass Flow Meters549 9.3.2一次流量元件Primary Flow Element550 9.3.3流量测量用差压变送器Difference Pressure Transmitter for Flow Measurement552 9.3.4流速式流量计Fluid Velocity Meter553 9.3.4.1旋涡流量计Vortex Flow Meter553 9.3.4.2涡轮流量计Turbine Meter554 9.3.5容积式流量计Positive Displacement Type Flow Meters555 9.3.6可变面积式流量计Variable Area Type Flow Meters557 9.3.7电磁流量计Electro-magnetic Flow Meters558 9.3.7.1电磁流量计及测量原理Electro-magnetic Flow Meters and Principle of Measurement558 9.3.7.2电磁流量计电极Electro-magnetic Flow Meters Electrode559 9.3.7.3电磁流量计变送器Electro-magnetic Flow Meters Transmitter559 9.3.8热式质量流量计Thermal Mass Flow Meters560 9.3.9差压流量计的安装Installation of Head Meters561 9.4液位测量仪表Level Meter563 9.4.1直读式就地液位指示仪Locally Mounted Direct Reading Level Gages563 9.4.2液位测量用差压变送器Difference Pressure Transmitter for Liquid Level Measurement564 9.4.3浮筒式液位计Displacement Type Level Meter565 9.4.4伽马射线液位计Gamma Radiometric Level Meter566 9.4.5雷达液位计Radar Level Meter567 9.4.6伺服液位计Servo Level Gauge569 9.4.7液位调节器及液位开关Level Controllers and Switches570 9.4.8气动液位调节器Pneumatic Liquid Level Controller571 9.5过程分析仪表Process Analyzer572 9.5.1过程气相色谱仪Process Gas Chromatograph572 9.5.2非色散红外线气体分析仪Non-dispersive Infra-red Gas Analyzer(NDIR)573 9.5.3氧分析器Oxygen Analyzer573 9.5.3.1氧化锆分析仪Zirconium Oxide Oxygen Analyzer573 9.5.3.2顺磁式氧分析仪Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzer574 9.5.3.3电化学式氧分析仪Electrochemical Oxygen Analyzer574 9.5.3.4溶解氧分析仪Dissolved Oxygen Analyzer574 9.5.4热导式分析仪Thermal Conductivity Analyzer575 9.5.5pH分析仪pH Analyzer575 9.5.6电导仪Conductivity Analyzer575 9.6控制阀Control Valve576 9.6.1气动执行机构Pneumatic Actuator577 9.6.2电动执行机构Electric Actuator577 9.6.3控制阀型式Control Valve Type578 9.6.3.1直通单座控制阀Single-Ported Globe Control Valve578 9.6.3.2直通双座控制阀Double-Ported Globe Control Valve578 9.6.3.3角形控制阀Angle Control Valve579 9.6.3.4三通控制阀Three-Way Control Valve579 9.6.3.5控制蝶阀Butterfly Control Valve579 9.6.3.6偏心旋转控制阀Rotary Control Valve580 9.6.3.7V形控制球阀V-Ball Control Valve580 9.6.3.8控制球阀Ball Control Valve580 9.6.4控制阀上阀盖Control Valve Bonnet581 9.6.4.1波纹管密封型上阀盖Bonnet with Guardian Bellows Seal581 9.6.4.2低温型上阀盖Cryogenic Bonnet581 9.6.5自力式调节阀Self-Operated Regulator582 9.6.5.1自力式温度调节阀Temperature Regulator582 9.6.5.2自力式流量调节阀Flow Regulator582 9.6.5.3自力式差压调节阀Differential Pressure Regulator583 9.6.5.4自力式压力调节阀Pressure Regulator583 9.6.6控制阀附件Control Valve Accessory584 9.6.6.1电/气转换器 I/P Converter (E/P Converter)584 9.6.6.2电/气阀门定位器I/P Positioner584 9.6.6.3 数字式阀门定位器Digital Positioner585 9.6.6.4现场总线式阀门定位器Fieldbus Positioner585 9.6.6.5限位开关Limit Switch586 9.6.6.6电磁阀Solenoid Valve587 9.6.6.7阀位变送器Position Transmitter587 9.6.6.8气锁阀Pneumatic Lock-up Valve588 9.6.6.9空气过滤减压器Air Pressure Reducing Station588 9.6.6.10一体化过滤减压阀Integrated Filter Regulator589 9.6.6.11气动放大器（增速继动器）Pneumatic Volume Booster(Booster Relay)589 9.6.6.12快速排放阀Quick Exhaust Valve 590 9.6.6.13止回阀Check Valve590 9.6.7安全泄压阀Safety Relief Valve591 9.6.7.1弹簧式安全泄压阀Spring Loaded Safety Relief Valve591 9.6.7.2带导阀的安全泄压阀Pilot Operated Safety Relief Valve592 9.6.8爆破片Burst Disc592 9.7盘装仪表Panel Mounting Instrument593 9.7.1安全栅Safety Barriers593 9.7.1.1用于变送器的安全栅Safety Barriers for Transmitter593 9.7.1.2用于数字 (开关)输入的安全栅Safety Barriers for Digital(Switch)Inputs593 9.7.1.3用于数字 (开关)输出的安全栅Safety Barriers for Digital(Switch)Outputs594 9.7.2隔离器Isolator594 9.7.2.1用于变送器和控制器的隔离器Isolator for Transmitter and Controller594 9.7.2.2用于电磁阀/报警驱动器的隔离器Isolator for Solenoid/Alarm Driver594 9.7.2.3用于开关/趋近检测器的隔离器Isolator for Switch/Proximity Detector595 9.8特殊仪表Spe Instrument595 9.8.1速度传感器Speed Sensor 595 9.8.2轴位移变送器Transmitter for Thrust Position595 9.8.3称重系统Weighing System596 9.8.3.1负荷传感器Load Cells596 9.8.3.2称重系统Weighing System596 9.9火灾自动报警系统Automatic Fire Alarm System597 9.9.1火灾自动报警系统Automatic Fire Alarm System597 9.9.2火灾报警控制盘Fire Alarm Control Panel598 9.9.3激光感烟探测器Laser Smoke Detector599 9.10工业电视监视系统Industry Television Surveillance System600 9.10.1工业电视监视系统Industry TV Surveillance System600 9.10.2矩阵控制器Matrix Switcher601 9.11数字控制系统Digital Control System602 9.11.1分散控制系统Distributed Control System602 9.11.2现场总线控制系统Fieldbus Control System (FCS)603 9.11.3工厂资源管理系统Plant Resource Management System(PMR)604 9.11.4可编程控制器Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)604 9.11.5紧急停车系统Emergency Shutdown System (ESD)605 9.12仪表盘,柜和操作台Instrument Panels, Cabinets and Consoles606 10电气工程Electrical Engineering608 10.1旋转电机Electrical Rotating Machine608 10.1.1直流电动机Direct-Current Motor608 10.1.2直流发电机Direct-Current Generator609 10.1.3AC换向电机AC Commutator Machine610 10.1.4同步电动机的无刷励磁Brushless Excitation of Synchronous Motor610 10.1.5交流电动机Alternating-Current Motor611 10.1.6滑环式感应电动机Slip-Ring Type Induction Motor612 10.1.7无刷同步电动机Brushless Synchronous Motor614 10.1.8线槽和绕组Slots and Windings615 10.1.9柴油发电机组Diesel Generator Set616 10.1.9.1柴油发电机组侧视图Diesel Generator Set Side View616 10.1.9.2就地控制屏Local Control Panel 616 10.1.9.3柴油机左前视图Diesel Engine Front and Left Side View617 10.1.9.4柴油机右后视图Diesel Engine Rear and Right Side View617 10.1.9.5发电机Power Generator618 10.2变压器Transformer619 10.2.1油浸式变压器Oil Immersed Transformer619 10.2.1.1油浸式变压器正视图Oil Immersed Transformer Front View619 10.2.1.2油浸式变压器侧视图Oil Immersed Transformer Side View620 10.2.1.3油浸式变压器外视图Oil Immersed Transformer Exterior621 10.2.2油浸式密闭变压器Sealed Oil Immersed Transformer622 10.2.3树脂绝缘干式变压器Cast Resin Transformer623 10.2.4箱式变电站Transformer Substation624 10.3整流器和电池Rectifier and Battery625 10.3.1整流器Rectifier625 10.3.2原电池Primary Batteries626 10.3.3阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池Stationary Lead Acid Valve Regulated Sealed Batteries629 10.3.4交流不间断电源AC Uninterrupted Power Supply630 10.3.5直流不间断电源DC Uninterrupted Power Supply631 10.4高中压开关装置High and Middle Voltage Switchgear631 10.4.1110kV六氟化硫气体封闭式组合电器110kV SF6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear631 10.4.2110kV空气绝缘高压组合电器110kV Prefabricated Air Insulated Switchgear632 10.4.3中压六氟化硫气体绝缘开关装置Medium Voltage SF6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear632 10.4.4金属封闭式开关装置Metal-Enclosed Switchgear633 10.4.5中压金属铠装开关装置Middle Voltage Metal-Clad Switchgear634 10.4.6环网柜Ring Switchgear635 10.4.6.1六氟化硫气体绝缘环网柜SF6 Gas Insulated Ring Switchgear635 10.4.6.2金属封闭环网柜Metal Clad Ring Switchgear636 10.4.7高压户外六氟化硫断路器High Voltage Outdoor SF6 Circuit Breakers636 10.4.8中压六氟化硫断路器Medium Voltage SF6 Circuit Breakers637 10.4.9户内真空断路器Indoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker638 10.4.10避雷器Lightning Arrester638 10.4.11真空接触器Vacuum Contactor639 10.4.12高压熔断器HV Fuses640 10.4.12.1高压管式熔断器HV Fuse Tubes640 10.4.12.2高压跌开式熔断器HV Falling Type Fuse640 10.4.13补偿电容器成套装置 Compensation Capacitors Cabinet641 10.4.14操动机构Operating Device641 10.4.14.1直动操动机构Direct Operating Device641 10.4.14.2转向操动机构Swivel Operating Device642 10.4.14.3弹簧储能操动机构Spring-Stored Energy Operating Device642 10.5低压开关装置Low Voltage Switchgear643 10.5.1低压开关柜Low Voltage Switchgear643 10.5.2框架式空气断路器Air Circuit Breaker644 10.5.2.1框架式空气断路器前面板Air Circuit Breaker Front Face644 10.5.2.2框架式空气断路器分解图Air Circuit Breaker Explode Drawing645 10.5.3低压熔断器LV Fuses646 10.5.3.1螺旋式熔断器Screw Base Fuse646 10.5.3.2无填料封闭管式熔断器Sealed Tube Fuse without Filling646 10.5.3.3有填料快速熔断器Filled Fast Fuse647 10.5.3.4插入式熔断器Plug-in Fuse647 10.5.4微型断路器及附件Miniature Circuit Breaker and Accessories648 10.5.4.1微型断路器附件Miniature Circuit Breaker Accessories648 10.5.4.2微型断路器Miniature Circuit Breaker649 10.5.5塑壳断路器Moulded Case Circuit Breaker649 10.5.5.1塑壳断路器Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)649 10.5.5.2塑壳断路器模块化系统MCCB Modularized System650 10.5.6真空负荷开关Vacuum Load Switch651 10.5.7控制开关Control Switch652 10.5.7.1按钮开关Pushbutton Switches653 10.5.7.2凸轮旋转开关Cam Switches654 10.5.8变频调速装置Variable Velocity Variable Frequency Device655 10.5.9电动机启动器Motor Starter656 10.5.9.1手动启动器Manual Starter656 10.5.9.2自动启动器Automatic Starter656 10.6控制及保护器件Control and Protection Devices657 10.6.1电磁机构和器件Electromagnetic Mechanism and Devices657 10.6.2电磁继电器Electromagnetic Relays658 10.6.3固态继电器Solid State Relays659 10.7电气防爆设备Explosion Protected Apparatus660 10.7.1防爆安装单元Explosion Protected Installation Control Units660 10.7.2防爆照明灯具 Explosion Protected Luminaries661 10.7.3防爆控制设备Explosion Protected Control Equipment662 10.8供电系统Power Supply System662 10.8.1预装式变电所Electrical House（E-HOUSE）662 10.8.2热电厂Thermal Power Plant663 10.8.3变电所屋内配电装置Indoor Installations of Electric Substation664 10.8.4节能发电厂Energy Saving Power Plant665 10.8.5铁塔及电杆Towers and Poles667 10.8.6静电除尘器Electrostatic Precipitator668 10.9电线、电缆及附件Wires, Cables and Accessories669 10.9.1电缆、电线结构Wire and Cables Structure669 10.9.1.1一般结构General Structure669 10.9.1.2防火/阻燃电缆结构Fire-Proof/Flame Retardant Cable Structure669 10.9.1.3铝绞线/钢芯铝绞线结构Al Twisted Wire/ ACSR Wire669 10.9.2电缆、电线产品Wire and Cables Products670 10.9.3电缆附件Accessories for Cables671 10.9.3.145kV以下中、低压电缆附件Up to 45kV Accessories for Low and Medium Voltage Cables671 10.9.3.2高压电缆附件Accessories for High Voltage Cables672 10.9.3.3电缆梯架Cable Ladder673 10.10灯泡Lamps674 10.11电伴热系统Electrical Heat Tracing System675 10.11.1电伴热产品Electrical Heat Tracing Products675 10.11.1.1自调控电伴热带Self-Regulating Heat Tracing Cable675 10.11.1.2限功率伴热带Power Limiting Heat Tracing Cable675 10.11.1.3并联恒功率伴热带Parallel Constant Watt Cable675 10.11.1.4串联恒功率伴热带Series Constant Watt Cable676 10.11.1.5矿物绝缘伴热带Mineral Insulated Cable676 10.11.1.6罐和容器的加热板Tank and Vessel Heating Panel676 10.11.1.7仓斗伴热板Hopper Heating Module677 10.11.2典型电伴热系统Typical Heat Tracing System677 10.11.3电伴热控制和监测Heat Tracing Control and Monitoring678 10.12阴极保护Cathodic Protection679 10.12.1阴极保护测试站和接线箱Cathodic Protection Test Stations and Junction Box679 10.12.2长效参比电极Permanent Reference Cell679 10.12.3阳极Anodes680 10.12.4填料Backfill681 10.12.5整流器Rectifier681 10.12.6绝缘材料Insulation Material682 10.12.7接地电池Grounding Cells682 10.12.8阴极保护系统Cathodic Protection Systems683 10.12.8.1深阳极系统Deep Anode System683 10.12.8.2水罐系统Water Storage Tank System683 10.12.8.3地上储罐罐底保护Protection for Above Ground Storage Tank Bottoms684 10.12.8.4地下储罐保护Protection for Underground Storage Tanks684 10.13接地防雷系统Grounding and Lightning System685 10.13.1接地产品Grounding Products685 10.13.2典型防雷系统Typical Lightning System686 10.14监测控制和数据采集Supervise Control and Data Acquiring(SCADA)687 10.15通信系统Telecommunication System688 10.15.1用户电话交换机PABX688 10.15.2结构化布线系统Structured Cabling System689 10.15.3扩音对讲系统Paging System690 10.15.4有线电视系统Cable TV System690 11实验室Laboratory691 11.1实验室常用仪器General Apparatus and Instruments691 11.1.1玻璃器皿Glassware691 11.1.2实验室主要分析仪器General Laboratory Equipment691 11.2化学试剂和药品Chemicals and Reagents692 11.2.1无机试剂Inorganic Reagent692 11.2.2有机试剂Organic Reagent693 11.2.3指示剂Indicator694 11.3实验室常用词汇Laboratory Vocabulary694 11.4主要分析仪器示例图Legend for Main Laboratory Equipment695 11.4.1分析天平Analytical Balance695 11.4.2电极Electrode695 11.4.2.1玻璃电极Glass Electrode695 11.4.2.2甘汞电极Calomel Electrode696 11.4.3色谱仪类Chromatography696 11.4.3.1气相色谱法原理图Gas Chromatograph Schematic Diagram696 11.4.3.2气相色谱仪外观图Gas Chromatograph Outline697 11.4.3.3气相色谱进样模式Gas Chromatograph Injection Mode697 11.4.3.4液相色谱示意图Liquid Chromatograph Schematic Diagram698 11.4.4光谱类仪器Spectrometric Instruments698 11.4.4.1紫外-可见分光光度计光路图UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Optical Schematic Diagram698 11.4.4.2傅立叶变换红外光谱仪原理图Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer Schematic Diagram699 11.4.4.3原子吸收分光光度计示意图Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Schematic Diagram699 11.4.5电化学类仪器Electrochemistry Instruments700 11.4.5.1卡尔费休水分滴定仪Karl Fisher Auto Titrator700 11.4.5.2卡尔费休水分滴定仪原理图Karl Fisher Auto Titrator Schematic Diagram700 11.4.5.3pH计pH Meter701 11.4.6水质分析仪器Apparatus for Water Analysis701 11.4.6.1生物耗氧量测定仪Apparatus for Biological Oxygen Command Determination701 11.4.6.2化学耗氧量测定仪Apparatus for Chemical Oxygen Command Determination702 12土建工程Civil Engineering703 12.1建筑Architectural703 12.1.1平面图、立面图、剖面图Plan,Elevation and Section703 12.1.2楼梯、电梯Staircase and Lift704 12.1.3卫生间Toilet704 12.1.4门的形式Type of Doors705 12.1.5窗的形式Type of Windows706 12.1.6窗的组成Components of Windows706 12.1.7屋顶的形式Type of Roofs707 12.1.8钢结构厂房Steel Structure House708 12.1.9钢结构厂房节点Detail of Steel Structure House709 12.1.10薄壳屋顶Shell Roofs711 12.2结构Construction712 12.2.1设计条件Design Information712 12.2.2材料Material713 12.2.2.1混凝土Concrete713 12.2.2.2钢筋Reinforcement713 12.2.2.3结构钢Structural Steel713 12.2.3荷载条件Load Condition714 12.2.3.1几何图形Geometry714 12.2.3.2荷载种类Type of Loads714 12.2.3.3施加载荷Imposed Loads714 12.2.4结构计算Structure Calculation715 12.2.4.1受力及受力条件Force and Application715 12.2.4.2参数Parameter715 12.2.4.3支承、变形和稳定Support, Deformation and Stability716 12.2.4.4框架Frames716 12.2.5土壤与基础Soil and Foundation717 12.2.5.1土壤符号Symbols for Soil 717 12.2.5.2土层剖面图Subsoil Profile717 12.2.5.3基础类型Type of Foundation718 12.2.5.4基础剖面Section of Foundation718 12.2.5.5桩的形式Type of Pile719 12.2.5.6设备基础Foundation for Equipment720 12.2.5.7大型设备的锚固Anchorage of Heavy Machine721 12.2.6多层工业厂房Multistory Industrial Buildings723 12.2.7钢筋混凝土结构Reinforced Concrete Construction724 12.2.8工业构筑物Industrial Structures724 12.2.8.1烟囱的形式Types of Chimneys724 12.2.8.2管支架Pipe Supports725 12.2.8.3排气筒Vent Stacks726 12.2.8.4水塔的形式Types of Water Towers727 12.2.8.5冷却塔Cooling Tower727 12.2.8.6通廊和栈桥Galleries and Trestles728 12.2.8.7筒仓和储斗Silos and Bunkers728 12.2.8.8低温液化气体储罐Tank for the Storage of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases729 12.2.9钢结构Steel Construction730 12.2.9.1钢构件的连接Connection of Steel Members731 12.2.9.2钢结构连接详图Structural Steel Connection Details732 12.2.9.3钢栏杆Steel Balustrade733 12.2.9.4钢扶梯和爬梯Steel Stairs and Ladders734 12.3暖通Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning735 12.3.1采暖系统与散热器Heating System and Radiator735 12.3.1.1散热器Radiator735 12.3.1.2暖风机Unit Heater736 12.3.1.3自动及手动排气阀Automatic and Manual Air Vent-Valve737 12.3.1.4热水分/集水器和蒸汽分汽缸Supply/Return Header for Hot Water and Supply Header for Steam738 12.3.1.5开式膨胀水箱Open Type Expansion Tank739 12.3.2通风与空调设备Ventilation and Air Conditioning Equipment740 12.3.2.1离心风机及减震台座Centrifugal Fan and Shock Absorption Support740 12.3.2.2轴流风机Axial Fan741 12.3.2.3混流风机Mixed Flow Fan741 12.3.2.4屋顶风机Roof Fan742 12.3.2.5风机箱Cabinet Fan743 12.3.2.6组合式空气处理机Modular Air Handling Unit744 12.3.2.7整体式水冷空调机Water-Cooled Packaged Air Conditioner745 12.3.2.8分体式风冷空调机Air-Cooled Split Air Conditioner746 12.3.2.9屋顶式空调机Roof Air Conditioning Unit747 12.3.3空调制冷与末端设备Refrigerating and Terminal Equipment747 12.3.3.1离心式冷水机组Centrifugal-Type Water Chiller747 12.3.3.2直燃式溴化锂吸收式冷水机组Direct-Fired Lithium-Bromide Absorption Water Chiller748 12.3.3.3蒸汽型溴化锂吸收式制冷机Steam Type Lithium-Bromide Absorption Water Chiller749 12.3.3.4热水型溴化锂吸收式制冷机Hot Water Type Lithium-Bromide Absorption Water Chiller749 12.3.3.5螺杆式冷水机组Screw-Type Water Chiller750 12.3.3.6新风净化机组Fresh Air Unit751 12.3.3.7多联机空调VRV System751 12.3.3.8新风换气机Fresh-Air Exchanger752 12.3.3.9风机盘管Fan Coil752 12.3.4通风管道及部件Duct and Fitments753 12.3.4.1风管Duct753 12.3.4.2风管弯头Elbow for Duct753 12.3.4.3风管三通Tee for Duct754 12.3.4.4风管异径Reducer for Duct755 12.3.4.5手动对开多叶调节阀Manual Opposed Multi-Blade Regulating Damper755 12.3.4.6手柄式蝶阀Hand Grip Type Butterfly Damper756 12.3.4.7拉链式蝶阀Dragline Type Butterfly Damper756 12.3.4.8风管止回阀Check Damper757 12.3.4.9变风量文丘里阀Variable Air Volume Venturi Valve758 12.3.4.10抗爆阀Blast Valve758 12.3.4.11通风空调系统送回风口Supply Air Outlet and Return Air Intake for Ventilation and Air Conditioning System759 12.3.4.12防火阀Fire Damper761 12.3.4.13排气罩Exhaust Hood761 12.3.4.14风管支吊架Bracket Support and Hanger Frame for Duct762 12.3.4.15风管保温Insulation of Duct762 12.3.4.16管式消声器Cell Type Attenuator763 12.3.4.17片式消声器Plate Type Attenuator763 12.4总图运输General Plot Plan and Transportation764 12.4.1总图General Plot plan764 12.4.1.1总图Overall Plot Plan764 12.4.1.2风玫瑰Wind Rose765 12.4.1.3地形图Topographic Map765 12.4.2道路Road766 12.4.2.1城市型道路City Road766 12.4.2.2公路型道路Highway766 12.4.2.3道路结构Road Structure767 12.4.3铁路Railway768 12.4.4厂区竖向Plant Vertical Arrangement768 12.4.5土方工程Earth Work769 12.4.6绿化Greening769 12.4.7其他构筑物Other Structure770 12.4.7.1护坡Slope Protection770 12.4.7.2急流槽Chute770 12.4.7.3跌水Drop Water770 12.4.7.4挡土墙Retaining Wall771 12.4.7.5涵洞Culvert771 13焊接Welding772 13.1焊接符号Welding Symbols772 13.2金属焊接Welding of Metals773 13.3保护式电弧焊原理Principles of Shielded Arc Welding775 13.4焊接位置、接头形式及焊接形式Welding Positions,Types of Joints and Welding776 13.5坡口Grooves777 13.6坡口详图Detail of Grooves778 13.7填角焊、角焊Fillet Welding779 13.8焊接缺陷Defects of Welding780 13.9焊接方法及设备Type of Welding and Welding Machine781 13.9.1自动埋弧焊Automatic Submerged Arc Welding781 13.9.2金属极气体保护焊焊枪Electrode Guns of Gas Metal-Arc Welding782 13.9.3气体保护电弧焊Gas-Shielded Arc Welding783 13.9.4金属极惰性气体保护焊Gas Metal-Arc Welding784 13.9.5普通电渣焊Conventional Electroslag Welding785 13.9.6熔嘴电渣焊Electroslag Welding by Consumable Guide Tube786 13.9.7电气焊Electrogas Welding787 13.9.8管状焊丝电弧焊Flux-Cored Arc Welding789 13.9.9气焊设备Gas Welding Equipment790 13.9.10移动式乙炔发生器Portable Acetylene Generators791 13.9.11乙炔发生器的基本形式Basic Types of Acetylene Generators792 13.10塑料焊接Welding of Plastics793 13.11焊接术语Welding Term795 13.12熔焊术语Fusion Welding Term795 13.13钎焊术语Soldering Term795 13.14焊接材料术语Welding Material Term795 14无损检验Non-destructive Testing796 14.1无损检验方法Non-destructive Testing Method796 14.2无损检验设备Non-destructive Testing Apparatus798 14.2.1探孔镜及显微镜Borescope and Microscope798 14.2.2X射线发生器及其线路X-Ray Tube and Its Circuit799 14.2.3射线照相及电子照相Photoradiography and Electroradiography800 14.2.4轻便X射线机及透度计Mobile X-Ray Unit and Penetrometer801 14.2.5超声波探伤方法及探头Ultrasonic Test Methods and Search Units802 14.2.6超声波发射探头及接收探头Ultrasonic Transducer and Refraction803 14.2.7配管焊缝的超声波探伤Ultrasonic Testing of Weld in Piping804 14.2.8成套式渗透探伤仪Self-Contained Penetrant Inspection Unit805 14.3磁化法Methods of Magnetization806 14.4超声波检测术语Ultrasonic Testing Term806 14.5射线检测术语Radiation Testing Term807 14.6渗透检测术语Penetrant Testing Term807 14.7磁粉表面检测术语Magnetization Surface Testing Term807 14.8涡流检测术语Eddy Current Testing Term807 15施工设备和工具Construction Equipment and Tool808 15.1起重机械Hoisting Machinery808 15.1.1麻绳、绳结、吊索和吊具Hemp Ropes，Knots，Sling and Hardware808 15.1.1.1麻绳和绳结Hemp Ropes and Knots808 15.1.1.2吊索Sling809 15.1.1.3吊具Hardware811 15.1.2起重机构造与吊车手语Crane Structure and Sign Language815 15.1.3各类起重机Types of Crane817 15.1.4手动葫芦和千斤顶Manual Hoist and Lifting Jack818 15.1.5电动吊篮Electromotion Basket820 15.1.6手动吊篮Manual Operation Basket821 15.1.7液压汽车起重机Hydraulic Pressure Mobile Cranes822 15.1.8塔吊Tower Crane824 15.1.9桥式起重机Overhead Crane824 15.1.10门式起重机Gantry Crane825 15.1.11手动式屋面移动吊机Manual Operating Roof Suspension Hoist Machine825 15.1.12电动式屋面移动吊机Electrocution Roof Suspension Hoist Machine825 15.1.13叉车和附属配件Forklift and Accessory826 15.2工具Tools827 15.2.1木工工具Wood Working Tools827 15.2.2扳手Wrenches828 15.2.3活扳手及管钳Adjustable Wrenches and Pipe Wrenches830 15.2.4钳和剪钳Pliers and Nippers831 15.2.5刀具的柄部、套节及套筒Shakes, Sockets and Sleeves832 15.2.6丝锥Taps833 15.2.7铰刀Reamers834 15.2.8麻花钻Twist Drills835 15.2.9检测规Inspection Gages836 15.2.10量具Measuring Tools837 15.3混凝土搅拌设备Concrete Mixer Equipment838 15.3.1工业用搅拌机Industrial Mixer838 15.3.2现场用搅拌机On-site Mixer839 15.3.3混凝土用车Concrete Mixer Trucks839 15.3.4预搅拌混凝土站Ready-mix Concrete Batch Plant840 15.3.5商品混凝土搅拌站Commodity Concrete Mixing Station841 15.3.6汽车式混凝土搅拌运输车Concrete Truck Mixer842 15.4土方设备Earthwork Equipment843 15.4.1挖掘机Excavator843 15.4.2推土机Bulldozer845 15.4.3装载机Loader846 15.4.4挖掘装载机（两头忙）Backhoe847 15.4.5平地机Grader848 15.4.6滑移转向装载机（机器猫）Skid Steer Loader（Bobcat）848 15.5地基处理机械Foundation Treatment Machinery849 15.5.1步履式打桩机Walking Piling Rig849 15.5.2螺旋钻打桩机Auger Piling Rig850 15.5.3碾压机Compactor Rollers851 15.5.4水平定向钻孔机Horizontal Directional Drilling Machinery853 15.5.5钻机Drilling Machine854 15.5.6强夯机械Rammer Machinery856 15.6高处作业平台和工程车辆Height Platform and Construction Vehicle857 15.6.1叉车和附属配件Forklift and Attachments857 15.6.2混凝土泵车Concrete Boom Truck858 15.6.3液压升降平台Hydraulic Pressure Lift Platform859 15.6.4升降车Man Lift860 15.6.5工程车辆Construction Vehicle862 15.6.5.1公路型运输车On-highway Trucks862 15.6.5.2越野型运输车Off-highway Trucks864 15.6.5.3拖车Trailer864 15.7滑模施工Slipform Construction865 15.8大模板爬模施工Large Formwork Climbing Construction868 15.9钢筋加工机械Process Machinery for Steel Bar869 15.9.1钢筋切断器Steel Bar Cutter869 15.9.2钢筋拔丝机Steel Bar Stretcher871 15.9.3钢筋调直机Steel Bar Straightening Machines874 15.9.4钢筋弯曲机Steel Bar Bender875 15.9.5钢筋笼滚焊机Rotary Welding Machinery for Steel Cage877 15.9.6数控钢筋切锯套丝机NC Thread Machinery for Steel Sawing878 15.9.7数控钢筋弯曲机CNC Rebar Bending Machinery878 15.10脚手架Scaffolding879 15.10.1脚手架构件Scaffolding Component879 15.10.2脚手架形式Types of Scaffolding882 15.11测绘Surveying884 15.11.1经纬仪Theodolite884 15.11.2光电测距仪Photoelectricity Rangefinder885 15.11.3水准仪Optical Level886 15.11.4全站仪Total Station887 15.11.5其他测绘工具Other Surveying Tools887 索引889