Preface xiii PART I General Issues 1 1 Introduction 2 2 The Scientifi c Method 27 3 Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research 58 PART II Descriptive Methods 91 4 Observation 92 5 Survey Research 135 PART III Experimental Methods 177 6 Independent Groups Designs 178 7 Repeated Measures Designs 219 8 Complex Designs 243 PART IV Applied Research 275 9 Single-Case Research Designs 276 10 Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation 304 PART V Analyzing and Reporting Research 341 11 Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part I. Describing Data, Confi dence Intervals, Correlation 342 12 Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II. Tests of Statistical Signifi cance and the Analysis Story 379 13 Communication in Psychology 417 Appendix Statistical Tables 437 Glossary 442 References 451