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《*基础学人像摄影与摆姿》

目 录 

■ 第 1章 

选择合适的器材并且了解它们的功能 9 

1.1 数码单反相机 10 

1.2 适合拍人像的镜头 12 

1.3 拍摄前*须完成的几个步骤 14 

1.4 镜头上按钮标识的含义 17 

1.5 拍摄人像需要的附件 19 

■ 第 2章 

拍摄人像时相机的设置 21 

2.1 选择合适的色彩空间 22 

2.2 设置合适的照片格式 23 

2.3 设置照片尺寸和照片质量 24 

2.4 人像及夜景人像模式 25 

2.5 拍摄模式的选择 26 

2.5.1 全自动模式 26 

2.5.2 程序自动模式 27 

2.5.3 光圈优先模式 28 

2.5.4 快门优先模式 29 

2.5.5 手动模式 30 

2.6 选择适合自己的拍摄模式 31 

2.6.1 大多数人选择的光圈优先模式 31 

2.6.2 专业人士选择的全手动曝光模式 33 

2.7 感光度设定 36 

2.8 快门速度的选择 38 

2.9 光圈设定 40 

2.10 测光方式的选择 41 

2.10.1 评价测光 41 

2.10.2 中央重点平均测光 42 

2.10.3 局部测光 42 

2.10.4 点测光 42 

2.11 选择合适的白平衡模式为照片确定色调 44 

2.11.1 大多数人选择的白平衡模式—自动白平衡 44 

2.11.2 非常好用的白平衡模式—日光白平衡 45 

2.11.3 拍摄暖调人像的白平衡模式—阴天和阴影白平衡 46 

2.11.4 拍摄冷调人像的白平衡模式—钨丝灯白平衡 47 

2.11.5 其他白平衡模式 48 

2.12 自拍的设置 49 

■ 第3章 

人像摄影的通用技巧 51 

3.1 化妆与造型非常重要 52 

3.1.1 脸部妆容让模特更有神采 53 

3.1.2 腮红让模特面部显得白里透红 55 

3.1.3 发型很重要 56 

3.1.4 服装的选择与色彩搭配 58 

3.2 沟通的力量 59 

3.3 选择舒适的环境拍摄 60 

3.4 根据主题确定照片的亮度 63 

3.5 让模特在照片中显得突出的几种方法 64 

3.5.1 选用大光圈虚化背景 65 

3.5.2 使用长焦段拍摄 66 

3.5.3 靠近模特拍摄 67 

3.5.4 让模特离背景远一点 68 

3.5.5 选择空旷的地方拍摄 69 

3.5.6 选择反差大的环境突出人物 70 

3.5.7 选择色彩单一的背景 71 

■ 第4章 

人像摄影的构图 73 

4.1 井字形构图将人物放在视觉中心 74 

4.2 利用对称式构图拍摄 76 

4.3 突出模特身材的S型构图 78 

4.4 三角形构图让画面稳定 81 

4.5 L型构图拍摄端坐的模特 84 

4.6 对角线构图让画面显得生动 86 

4.7 拍双人合影时合理安排模特的位置 88 

4.8 多人合影的美姿 91 

■ 第5章 

人像摄影的曝光与用光 93 

5.1 *曝光—拍摄亮度适中的人像照片 94 

5.2 曝光过度—拍摄高调效果的人像照片 95 

5.3 曝光不足—拍摄低调效果的人像照片 96 

5.4 曝光严重不足—拍摄人像剪影 97 

5.5 曝光补偿—调节照片曝光的利器 98 

5.6 阴天散射光拍摄柔美人像 100 

5.7 清晨和傍晚的光线*容易出效果 101 

5.8 顺光是*容易掌握的光线 102 

5.9 前侧光是*常用的光线 103 

5.10 侧光是*立体的光线 104 

5.11 侧逆光是可以勾勒轮廓的光线 105 

5.12 逆光是烘托气氛*的光线 107 

5.13 局部光拍摄独具意境的人像 108 

5.14 中午强烈光照环境下的人像解决方案 109 

5.14.1 选择阴影环境 109 

5.14.2 利用遮阳伞遮挡阳光 110 

5.15 其他特殊光线 111 

5.15.1 雾天、雨天 111 

5.15.2 顶光 112 

5.15.3 眼神光 113 

5.15.4 窗户光、反光板反光 114 

■ 第6章 

安排美姿的步骤 115 

6.1 根据场景确定姿势 116 

6.2 让模特用自己舒服的姿势完成初步的摆姿 119 

6.3 从腿开始安排模特的美姿 120 

6.4 面部角度的调整 121 

6.5 根据现场光线调整角度 122 

6.6 根据整体意境调整模特手的姿势 123 

6.7 对模特的整体姿势进行调整 124 

■ 第7章 

跟着照片学美姿 125 

7.1 *常见的站姿 126 

7.1.1 正面双腿并拢的乖巧站姿 126 

7.1.2 正面突出曲线的站姿 128 

7.1.3 侧面忧郁的站姿 130 

7.1.4 侧面幸福的站姿 131 

7.1.5 拍个背影试试 134 

7.2 常见的坐姿 136 

7.2.1 大气的盘腿坐姿 136 

7.2.2 性感的叠腿坐姿 138 

7.2.3 潇洒的翘腿坐姿 139 

7.2.4 半倚半坐的舒服坐姿 140 

7.2.5 楚楚可怜的抱腿坐姿 140 

7.2.6 舒服的跪坐 142 

7.2.7 借助道具的坐姿及其他坐姿 143 

7.3 常见的蹲姿 146 

7.3.1 基本蹲姿 146 

7.3.2 变化蹲姿 148 

7.4 常见的趴姿、躺姿 149 

7.4.1 借助台面的趴姿 149 

7.4.2 可爱的趴姿 150 

7.4.3 舒适的正面躺姿 151 

7.4.4 正面躺姿可以很性感 152 

7.4.5 多变的侧面躺姿 154 

7.5 常见的动态姿势 156 

7.5.1 跳跃 156 

7.5.2 奔跑 159 

7.5.3 漫步 160 

7.5.4 其他动态姿势 162 

7.6 常见的创意美姿 164 

7.6.1 来个心形，打个招呼 164 

7.6.2 错位拍摄 165 

7.6.3 飞得好高啊 166 

7.7 眼神应配合姿势 167 

7.7.1 微笑的眼神 167 

7.7.2 酷酷的眼神 168 

7.7.3 眺望的眼神 169 

7.7.4 含情脉脉的眼神 169 

7.7.5 性感的眼神 170 

7.7.6 调皮的眼神 170 

■ 第8章 

根据拍摄范围安排美姿 171 

8.1 人在画面中很小时的美姿 172 

8.2 能看见全身的美姿 174 

8.3 从膝盖上下裁切的美姿 176 

8.4 半身的美姿 178 

8.5 拍摄脸部特写的美姿 180 

■ 第9章 

根据拍摄主题选择美姿 181 

9.1 职业装 182 

9.2 运动服装 184 

9.3 时尚服装 186 

9.4 性感服装 188 

9.5 婚纱礼服 190 

9.6 民族服装 192 

9.7 休闲服装 193

《摄影构图 迅速提升照片水平的150个关键技法》

Part 1

构图基础知识················ 11

[INTRO 1]

考虑如何构图················ 12

[INTRO 2]

考虑构图方式················14

[STEP 1]

相机的表现方法

1 横拍/ 竖拍················ 15

2 水平拍摄/ 倾斜拍摄············17

3 聚焦拍摄/ 全景拍摄············ 18

4 从高位进行拍摄/ 从低位进行拍摄······ 19

5 变换角度进行拍摄············· 20

6 带有构图意识地使用三脚架·········· 21

7 更换镜头进行拍摄·············· 22

8 改变光圈进行拍摄·············· 24

9 调整快门速度进行拍摄············ 26

[STEP 2]

构图

1 考虑照片主次·················28

2 加法法则···················30

3 减法法则···················32

4 四角构图法则·················34

5 色彩法则···················36

6 考虑视线···················38

[STEP 3]

活用范例

1 活用构图范例··················42

2 三分构图法···················43

3 二分构图法···················44

4 对角线构图···················44

5 圆心构图····················45

6 山型构图····················45

7 垂直水平构图··················46

8 斜线构图····················46

9 对称构图····················47

10 对比构图···················47

11 曲线构图····················48

12 放射线构图···················48

13 三角形构图···················49

14 框架式构图···················49

15 重复构图····················50

16 点构图·····················50

17 组合使用构图元素················51

［实践篇］ 摄影师的观点 构图流程 ①········52

［实践篇］摄影师的观点 构图流程 ②········54

专栏 纵横比与拍摄方法的不同············56

Part 2

构图技巧实战···················· 57

[Nature]

自然风光

1 使用放射线构图，强调樱花枝头垂落的震撼感·············· 58

2 通过重复构图法表现散落的樱花瓣··················· 59

3 通过对比构图发现变化，引发想象···················59

4 使用前景散景，形成框架式构图，突出主题··············· 60

5 通过焦点和颜色两次把画面分割，突出花丛的华丽············61

6 通过二分法构图塑造美感，突出主体·················· 61

7 通过曲线表现花朵的美丽·······················62

8 通过前景散景演绎出花海的感觉····················63

9 通过改变向日葵花田的面积改变给人的印象···············63

10 大胆截取山的局部，使湖面变得生动·················64

11 将山以三角形配置，营造出稳定感··················65

12 灵活截取堤坝的部分曲线，营造出不可思议的空间感··········65

13 使用三分法构图，明确主题······················66

14 通过对比荚状云和树木的剪影，营造出距离感··············67

15 通过对称构图表现宇宙般的氛围·····················67

16 通过二分法和三分法构图诠释大海的要素················· 68

17 把水平面放在三分法参考线下部，表现出天空的高远·············69

18 灵活利用海岸线的曲线，强调壮丽雄伟···················69

19 通过对角线构图表现山岳风光的动感····················70

20 通过V型构图进一步强调山峰的存在感····················71

21 使用三分法构图表现宏大风景的层次感···················71

22 通过山型构图的稳定感刻画瀑布的魄力···················72

23 通过流水的曲线表现溪流的清凉感·····················73

24 使用斜线构图形成对比，表现出水的流动··················73

25 利用放射线构图捕捉枝繁叶茂的场景····················74

26 通过山型构图使木质建筑物和红叶形成对比·················75

27 灵活使用重复和曲线构图表达落叶之美···················75

28 通过对角线构图突出主角的存在感·····················76

29 通过将叶片的排列组成图案产生规律感···················77

30 通过相反的颜色进一步突出红叶的色调···················77

31 利用三分法构图拍摄夕阳美景·······················78

32 使用山型构图将只有天空和树木的风景变得鲜明···············79

33 巧妙地利用点缀反衬云彩的壮美······················79

34 利用冰瀑的动感姿态营造出规律感·····················80

35 使用垂直构图，对焦拍摄冰棱的黑白世界················81

36 通过斜线和重复构图表现冬季田埂的广袤··················81

37 通过对角线和三分法构图营造动与静····················82

38 从低角度拍摄使雪花如同波浪一般 ····················83

39 通过三角形构图拍摄河流，表现两岸的宽广·················83

40 用广角镜头和放射线构图强调光影的延伸··················84

41 去掉多余元素，强调影子的存在感·····················85

42 通过三分法构图营造曲线稳定之美·····················85

43 使用山型构图让引导视线在山脊中移动···················86

44 通过二分法构图进一步强调雪景的壮美···················87

45 使用二分法构图引导视线到主角······················87

[Animal]

动物

46 利用斜线引导视线····························88

47 使用广角镜头表现出猫咪独特的柔美····················89

48 用好圆心构图法，活用背景························89

49 使用二分法构图强调猫咪的睡姿······················90

50 使用二分法构图突出身体的局部······················91

51 适当模糊周围刻画热闹市场中的猫咪····················91

52 使用放射线构图强调狗的存在·······················92

53 使用二分法和三分法构图表现出环境的美好·················93

54 使用二分法构图同时刻画主角和背景····················93

55 使用对角线构图和前景散景来强调蝴蝶···················94

56 在拍摄物体面对的方向留下空间，营造出展翅欲飞的效果·······················95

57 使用对角线构图中的动线营造动感································95

58 注意四个角落的空间，表现出动物的气势·····························96

59 通过树叶和猫头鹰的对比演绎出隐藏在茂密林间的风光·······················97

60 截取身体线条凸显出横纹的美好·································97

61 模糊背景，使用三分法构图突出主角·······························98

62 通过圆心构图和框架式构图突出面部特征·····························99

63 截取身体线条表现凶猛气势···································99

64 通过稳定头部曲线展现优雅···································100

65 通过山型构图展现出羽毛的舒展·································101

66 留意企鹅脸部的位置并留出空间·································101

67 通过圆心构图和对比构图表达出鲨鱼的巨大····························102

68 水母重复出现营造出如梦如幻的空间·······························103

69 通过圆心构图和黑白色调强调鲨鱼的造型·····························103

70 通过三分法和二分法构图使风景更加稳定·····························104

71 羊群重复出现引导视线向远处移动································105

72 使用圆心构图配合背景演绎出不可思议的空间感··························105

[Portrait]

人物

73 使用广角镜头对比牛和小孩···································106

74 使用框架式构图进一步强调女孩的表情······························107

75 通过平缓的斜线构图表现出照片的柔美······························107

76 倾斜画面表现出卡丁车的速度感·································108

77 低角度仰拍记录天空，表现出高远的感觉·····························109

78 灵活利用曲线和立体感演绎出欢快氛围······························109

79 倾斜画面进行拍摄，强调孩子的活泼·······························110

80 通过圆心构图法强调孩子活泼的表情和动作····························111

81 采用低角度捕捉孩子自然的表情·································111

82 通过垂直水平构图拍摄人物特写·································112

83 采用高角度俯拍捕捉孩子的成熟·································113

84 通过平缓的山型构图营造出稳定感································113

85 采用竖向拍摄，有效利用背景空间································114

86 通过三分法构图营造寂寥的氛围·································115

87 通过加法构图拍摄街道风格···································115

88 通过三分法和放射线构图表现自然的表情·····························116

89 通过逆光和低角度拍摄出寂寥的氛围·······························117

90 通过三分法构图突出服装这一主题································117

91 通过放射线构图使照片演绎出故事感·······························118

92 通过二分法构图突出女性形象，激发观众想象力··························119

93 为了突出女性形象，创造出框景效果·······························119

94 通过斜线构图突出女性存在感··································120

95 使用广角镜头，通过低角度拍摄出女性时尚魅力··························121

96 通过二分法构图，利用对比效果大胆表现女性···························121

[City & Town]

街拍

97 通过放射线构图表现小巷的氛围·································122

98 通过对称构图突出稳定的氛围··································123

99 通过二分法构图平衡主角和背景的关系······························123

100 通过斜线构图表现环境的广阔·································124

101 通过二分法构图，使用长焦镜头拍摄列车穿行花田的场景·····················125

102 通过点构图演绎出列车驶过后的恬静气氛····························125

103 通过三角形构图营造出明快的空间·······························126

104 通过二分法构图，均衡布置场景让人对红色墙壁印象深刻·····················127

105 通过低位拍摄和放射线构图表现出大厦的高峻··························127

106 留意四角的要素，使照片拥有绘画般效果····························128

107 考虑画面的平衡，突出水滴的主角地位·····························129

108 通过曲线构图表现水中倒影··································129

109 通过对角线和对比构图突出街道的模样·····························130

110 通过对称构图的稳定性表现街道的活力·····························131

111 尽**大可能利用光影形成的线条································131

112 活用曲线构图，表达跃动感··································132

113 使用水平的山型构图表现建筑物的稳定·····························133

114 利用放射线状分布的火烧云表现寂寥氛围····························133

115 增加配角，调整画面平衡···································134

116 将主角安排在三分法的交点位置，通过斜线构图营造出动感····················135

117 通过曲线和放射线构图演绎出不可思议的异度空间························135

118 通过放射线构图强调不断笔直延伸的道路····························136

119 使用框景效果突出露珠的可爱·································137

120 通过圆心构图使自然形成的空间让人印象深刻··························137

121 将拍摄对象组成三角形，营造画面的深度····························138

122 通过对称构图灵活表现图案之美································139

123 通过三分法构图**大程度发挥影子效果·····························139

124 通过广角镜头和圆心构图强调汽车的存在感···························140

125 将车置于宽阔的背景之下，向观众传递该场景··························141

126 通过直线装饰条，突出边缘、强调车身曲线···························141

[Table photo & Interior]

静物装饰景

127 使用三分法构图的交点来突出菜肴·······························142

128 通过桌面上的线条引导观众视线关注水果的形状·························143

129 灵活使用曲线构图表现菜肴的美味·······························143

130 大胆取舍，表现食物的质感··································144

131 有意识地布置照片元素，刻画出身临其境之感··························145

132 利用交叉的构图参考线使食物让人印象深刻···························145

133 通过形状与色彩的对比演绎出甜点的华丽····························146

134 使用三角形构图安排蛋糕的位置······························147

135 使用色彩和斜线构图营造动感，演绎流行元素··························147

136 通过平滑的线条表现杂物的可爱································148

137 利用三角形构图和四角原则表现乐趣······························149

138 俯拍出照片的立体感并烘托热闹景象······························149

139 使用二分法构图演绎历史感··································150

140 留意物体的水平，使目光聚焦在正常的主题上··························151

141 通过俯拍强调拍摄物体的曲线，使其更加立体··························151

142 使用三角形构图表现灯具曲线的动感效果····························152

143 使用对角线构图表现图片中直线交错的效果···························153

144 通过圆心构图和对称构图强调光影·······························153

145 灵活使用斜线表达出房间氛围·································154

146 利用书架的斜线线条增强照片立体感······························155

147 通过白色墙壁的线条与家具的对比增强存在感··························155

148 使用S 曲线突出玫瑰的美丽··································156

149 灵活使用散景效果强调花的美好氛围······························157

150 通过圆心构图和流行手法强调花朵特征·····························157

名词解释············································158

作者简介············································162

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