Unit 1 Chemical Basic Knowledge Chapter 1 Atoms and Molecules 1. Elements and compounds 2. Chemical reactions and physical changes 3. Atoms and molecules Chapter 2 Organic Compounds 1. What is an organic compound? 2. Kinds of organic compounds 3. The saturated hydrocarbons, or Alkanes 4. Structure Unit 2 Biochemistry Chapter 1 Chemical Elements of Life 1. The origin of life 2. The chemical elements of life Chapter 2 Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Protein 1. Many important macromolecules are polymers 2. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 4. Protein 5. Nucleic acid Chapter 3 Glycolysis 1. Glycolysis pathway in many organisms 2. The citric acid cycle Chapter 4 Diabetes and Human Health 1. What is diabetes mellitus? 2. What causes diabetes? 3. Diabetes diagnosis 4. Regulation of glucose transporter translocator in health and diabetes Unit 3 Microbiology Chapter 1 Introduction of Microbiology 1. The discovery of microorganisms 2. The relationship between microorganisms and diseases 3. The develomn&bsp;of techniques for studying microbial pathogens 4. Members of the microbial world Chapter 2 Microorganism and Culture Media 1. The common nutrient requirements 2. Nutritional types of microorganisms 3. Uptake of nutrients by the cell 4. Culture media Chapter 3 Microbial Growth 1. The Growth curve 2. The Continuous culture of microorganisms Chapter 4 Recent Develomns&bsp;in the Production of Valuable Microbial Products Unit 4 Fermentation Engineering Chapter 1 Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology 1. The nature of fermentation 2. Chemical and biological engineering Chapter 2 Strain Screen 1. Selection and screening 2. Mutagenesis Chapter 3 Fermentation Medium 1. Fermentation medium 2. Growth medium Chapter 4 Fermentation Engineering 1. Fermenters 2. Other fermenter design and ancillary equipment Chapter 5 Production of Antibiotics 1. Antibiotics 2. Penicillins Unit 5 Enzyme Chapter 1 The Biological Catalysts of Life 1. Introduction 2. Classi.cation and nomenclature of enzyme 3. Enzyme applications Chapter 2 Enzyme Production 1. Summary 2. Enzyme sources 3. Strain development 4. Growth requirements of microorganisms 5. Fermentation 6. Regulations during enzyme production Chapter 3 Immobilized Enzyme Technology 1. Immobilization techniques 2. Bene.ts and characteristics Unit 6 Production of Dosage Forms Chapter 1 Introduction to Drugs 1. What is a drug? 2. Drug bioavailability Chapter 2 Oral Preparation 1. Dosage forms application 2. Absorption Chapter 3 Parenteral Administration 1. Introduction 2. Routes of parenteral administration 3. The preparation of parenteral products Chapter 4 Drug for External Use 1. Epicutaneous route 2. Ocular, otic, and nasal routes Unit 7 Good Manufacturing Practice for Drugs Chapter 1 Process Validation:General Principles and Practics 1. General considerations for process validation 2. Stage 1——process design 3. Stage 2——process quali.cation 4. Stage 3——continued process veri.cation Chapter 2 Non-Penicillin β-Lactam Drugs: A CGMP Framework for Preventing Cross-Contamination 1. Regulatory framework 2.β-lactam antibiotics 3.β-lactamase inhibitors 4.β-lactam intermediates and derivatives