故经之以五事,校之以计,而索其情①:一曰道②,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将,五曰法。 道者,令民与上③同意也,故可以与之死,可以与之生,而不畏危。 天者,阴阳、寒暑、时制④也。 地者,、险易、广狭、死生⑤也。 将者,智、信、仁、勇、严也。 法者,曲制、官道、主用⑥也。
① 故经之以五事,校之以计,而索其情:经,量度,即分析。校,比较,即需从五方面分析、比较及探索。 ② 道:道路。此处指政治开明。 ③ 上:指国君。 ④ 时制:季节更替。 ⑤ 死生:不可攻退或可攻退(之地)。 ⑥ 曲:军队编制。制:指挥号令。官道:各级官吏之职责与管理。主用:军需配备与使用。
白话译文: 所以,要考察军事作战必须遵守的五项原则,在战行之前对敌我双方的优劣条行估算,以探索战争的情势:一是道,二是天,三是地,四是将,五是法。 所谓“道”,就是使民众的意愿一致。这样,他们就可以死,生,而不畏惧危险。 所谓“天”,就是指昼夜阴晴、寒冬酷暑、春夏秋冬等自然环境变化情况。 所谓“地”,就是指路途的、地势的险阻坦地域的宽窄、死地与生地的利用。 所谓“将”,就是指将帅的才能括他的智谋、威信、仁慈、勇敢、严明。 所谓“法”,就是指军队的组织编制、将吏的管理、军需的供应。
Therefore we should analyze and compare the conditions of ourselves and an enemy from five factors in order to forecast if we will win before the beginning of war. The five factors are as follows: the first is way; the second, heaven; the third, earth; the fourth, generals or commanders, and the fifth, law. What is the way? The way may make the people in complete accord with their ruler in their goals and cause them to share weal and woe fearlessly during the war. What is the heaven? The heaven means day and night, cold and heat, and the sequence of the seasons. What is the earth? The earth signifies whether the battleground is distant or near, whether the terrain is strategically difficult or secure, vast or narrow, and whether conditions are favorable or unfavorable to the chance of survival. What is the general or commander? The general or commander may be one who is a high-ra military officer with five virtues: intelligence, trustworthinesenevolence, courage, and sternness. What is the law? The law refers to the military elishment, the assigment of officers at all levels, and the allocation and use of military supplies.
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