Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Background of the Research 1.2 Object and Objectives of the Study 1.3 Literature Review 1.4 Theoretical Basis 1.4.1 Descriptive Translation-Studies 1.4.2 Empirical Research in Translation Studies 1.4.3 Cognitive Approaches to Translation Studies 1.5 Methodologies 1.5.1 Thinking-Aloud Protocols (TAPs) 1.5.2 estionnaire and Post-experiment Interview 1.5.3 Translog Chapter 2 Research on Translation Comece and Translation Expertise 2.1 Research on Translation Comece 2.1.1 Historical Development 2.1.2 Representatives and Research Groups of Translation Comece (TC) 2.2 Research on Translation Expertise 2.2.1 Historical Development 2.2.2 Representatives and Research Groups of Translation Expertise . Status and Achievements ..1 The Validation of the Model of Translation Comece ..2 Features of Expertise in the Translation Process Recognized .. The Nature of Expertise ..4 The Preliminary Establishment of the Cognition-Oriented Translation Expertise Theory (COTET) Chapter 3 Translation Expertise in Social Practice 3.1 Language Service Industry 3.1.1 The Social Context for Changes and Development 3.1.2 The Rise of the Language Service Industry 3.1.3 The Current Develomn ad Challenges 3.2 Translation Expertise in Language Service Industry 3.2.1 Localization 3.2.2 Machine Translation and CAT 3.. Technical Writing 3.2.4 Terminology Management 3.2.5 Information Mining 3.2.6 Adaptation 3.2.7 Translation Revision/Post-editing Chapter 4 Developing Translation Expertise 4.1 Theoretica Dscsons on Translation Expertise 4.1.1 Theoretical Background of Expertise Studies 4.1.2 Assessment of Translation Expertise 4.2 Observation on the Translation Process 4.3 Empirical Studies with TAPs, Interviews and Translog 4.3.1 A Case Study 4.4 The Structure of Translation Expertise 4.4.1 The Connotation of Translation Expertise 4.4.2 The Classification of Translation Expertise 4.4.3 The Cognitive Changes in the Acquisition of Translation Expertise 4.5 The Developmental Stages of Translation Expertise 4.5.1 The Developmental Stages of Translation Thinking and Strategy