1 Introduction
2 ntisation of the Electromagnetic Field
2.1 Field ntisation
2.2 Fock or Number States
. Coherent States
2.4 Squeezed States
2.5 Two-Photon Coherent States
2.6 Variance in the Electric Field
2.7 Multimode Squeezed States
2.8 Phase Properties of the Field
Exercises
References
Further Reading
3 Coherence Properties of the Electromagnetic Field
3.1 Field-Correlation Functions
3.2 Properties of the Correlation Functions
3.3 Correlation Functions and Optical Coherence
3.4 First-Order Optical Coherence
3.5 Coherent Field
3.6 Photon Correlation Measurements
3.7 ntum Mechanical Fields
3.7.1 Squeezed State
3.7.2 Squeezed Vacuum
3.8 Phase-Dependent Correlation Functions
3.9 Photon Counting Measurements
3.9.1 Classical Theory
3.9.2 Constant Intensity
3.9.3 Fluctuating Intensity-Short-Time Limit
3.10 ntum Mechanical Photon Count Distribution
3.10.1 Coherent Lit
Exercises
References
Further Reading
4 Representations of the Electromagnetic Field
4.1 Expansion in Number States
4.2 Expansion in Coherent States
4.2.1 PRepresentation
4.2.2 Wigner's Phase-Space Density
4.. Fnction
4.2.4 R Representation
4.2.5 Generalized P Representations
4.2.6 Positive P Representation
Exercises
References
5 ntum Phenomena in Simple Systems in Nonlinear Optics
5.1 Single-Modentum Statistics
5.1.1 Degenerate Parametric Amplifier
5.1.2 Photon Statistics
5.1.3 Wigner Function
5.2 Two-Mode ntum Correlations
5.2.1 Non-degenerate Parametric Amplifier
5.2.2 Squeezing
5.. drature Correlations and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox
5.2.4 Wigner Function
5.2.5 Reduced Density Operator
5.3 ntum Limits to Ampiction
5.4 Amplitude Squeezed State with Poisson Photon Number Statistics
Exercises
References
6 Stochastic Methods
6.1 Master Equation
6.2 Equivalent c-Number Equations
6.2.1 Photon Number Representation
6.2.2 P Representation
6.. Properties of Fokker-Planck Equations
6.2.4 Steady State Solutions - Potential Conditions
6.2.5 Time Dependent Solution
6.2.6 Representation
6.2.7 Wigner Function
6.2.8 Generalized P Representation
6.3 Stochastic Differential Equations
6.3.1 Use of the Positive P Representation
6.4 Linear Processes with Constant Diffusion
6.5 Two Time Correlation Functions in ntum Markov Processes..
6.5.1 ntum Regression Theorem
6.6 Application to Systems with a P Representation
6.7 Stochastic Unravellings
6.7.1 Simulating ntum Trajectories
Exercises
References
Further Reading
7 Input-Output Formulation of Optical Cavities
7.1 Cavity Modes
7.2 Linear Systems
7.3 Two-Sided Cavity
7.4 Two Time Correlation Functions
7.5 Spectrum of Squeezing
7.6 Parametric Oscillator
7.7 Squeezing in the Total Field
7.8 Fokker-Planck Equation
Exercises
References.
Further Reading
8 Generation and Applications of Squeezed Lit
8.1.1 Semi-Classical Steady States and Stability Analysis
8.1.2 Parametric Oscillation
8.1.3 Second Harmonic Generation
8.1.4 Squeezing Spectrum
8.1.5 Parametric Oscillation
8.1.6 Experiments
8.2 Twin Beam Generation and Intensity Correlations
8.2.1 Second Harmonic Generation
8.2.2 Experiments
8.3 Applications of Squeezed Lit
8.3.2 Sub-Shot-Noise Phase Measurements
8.3.3 ntum Information
Exercises
References
Further Reading
9 Nonlinear ntum Dissipative Systems
9.1 Optical Parametric Oscillator: Complex P Function
9.2 Optical Parametric Oscillator: Positive P Function
9.3 ntum Tunnelling Time
9.4 Dispersive Optical Bistahility
9.5 Comment on the Use of the and Wigner Representations Exercises
9.A Appendix
9.A.I Evaluation of Moments for the Complex P function for Parametric Oscillation (9.1 7)
9.A.2 Evaluation of the Moments for the Complex P Function for Optical Bistability (9.4 8)
References
Further Reading
10 Interaction of Radiation with Atoms
10.1 ntization of the Many-Electron System
10.2 Interaction of a Single Two-Level Atom with a Single Mode Field.
10.3 Spontaneous Emission from a Two-Level Atom
10.4 Phase Decay in a Two-Level System
10.5 Resonan Forescence
Exercises
References
Further Reading
11 CED
11.1 Cavity ED
11.1.1 Vacuum Rabi Splitting
11.1.2 Single Photon Sources
11.1.3 Cavity ED with N Atoms
11.2 Circuit ED
Exercises
References
Further Reading
12 ntum Theory of the Laser
12.1 Master Equation
12.2 Photon Statistics
12.2.1 Spectrum of Intensity Fluctuations
1. Laser Linewidth
12.4 Regularly Pumped Laser
12.A Appendix: Derivation of the Single-Atom Increment
Exercises
References
13 Bells Inequalities in ntum Optics
13.1 The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) Argument
13.2 Bell Inequalities and the Aspect Experiment
13.3 Violations of Bell's Inequalities Using a Parametric Amplifier Source
13.4 One-Photon Interference
Exercises
References
14 ntum Nondemolition Measurements
14.1 Concept of a ND Measurement
14.2 Back Action Evasion
14.3 Criteria for a ND Measurement
14.4 The Beam Splitter
14.5 Ideal drature ND Measurements
14.6 Experimental Realisation
14.7 A Photon Number ND Scheme
Exercises
References
15 ntum Coherence and Measurement Theory
15.1 ntum Coherence
15.2 The Effect of Dissipation
15.2.1 Experimental Observation of Coherence Decay
15.3 ntum Measurement Theory
15.3.1 General Measurement Theory
15.3.2 The Pointer Basis
15.4 Examples of Pointer Observables
15.5 Model of a Measurement
15.6 Conditional States and ntum Trajectories
15.6.1 Homodyne Measurement of a Cavity Field
Exercises
References
16 ntum Information
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 The bit
16.1.2 Entanglement
16.2 ntum Key Distribution
16.3 ntum Teleportation
16.4 ntum Computation
16.4.1 Linear Optical ntum Gates
16.4.2 Single Photon Sources
Exercises
References
Further Reading
17 Ion Traps
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Trapping and Cooling
17.3 Novel ntum States
17.4 Trapping Multiple Ions
17.5 Ion Trap ntum Information Processing
Exercises
References
18 Light Forces
18.1 Radiative Forces in the Semiclassical Limit
18.2 Mean Force for a Two-Level Atom Initially at Rest
18.3 Friction Force for a Moving Atom
18.3.1 Laser Standing Wave--Doppler Cooling
18.4 Dressed State Description of the Dipole Force
18.5 Atomic Diffraction by a Standing Wave
18.6 Optical Stern--Gerlach Effect
18.7 ntum Chaos
18.7.1 Dynamical Tunnelling
18.7.2 Dynamical Localisation
18.8 The Effect of Spontaneous Emission
References
Further Reading
19 Bose-Einstein Condensation
19.1 Hamiltonian: Binary Collision Model
19.2 Mean-Field Theory -- Gross-Pitaevskii Equation
19.3 Single Mode Approximation
19.4 ntum State of the Condensate
19.5 ntum Phase Diffusion: Collapses and Revivals of the Condensate Phase
19.6 Interference of Two Bose-Einstein Condensates and Measurement-Induced Phase
19.6.1 Interference of Two Condensates Initially in Number States
19.7 ntum Tunneling of a Two Component Condensate
19.7.1 Semiclassical Dynamics
19.7.2 ntum Dynamics
19.8 Coherence Properties of Bose-Einstein Condensates
19.8.1 1st Order Coherence
19.8.2 Higher Order Coherence
Exercises
References
Further Reading
Index
D. F. Walls (D.L. 沃尔斯, 新西兰)是国际知名学者，在物理学界和光学界都享有盛誉。本书凝聚了作者多年科研和教学成果，适用于科研工作者、高校教师和。
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