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书名：钳工从入门到精通

定价：99.00元

作者：王兵

出版社：化学工业出版社

ISBN：9787122349910

钳工是一种比较复杂的、精细化的、工艺要求较高的以手工操作为主的工种，在机械制造、电子仪表、航天航空等行业中都是不可缺少的。随着现代工业技术的迅速发展，各类新型加工技术和加工设备融入机械制造行业，许多现代加工方式也正在颠覆我们传统的加工理念，然而技艺精湛的钳工却可制造出比现代机床所能加工的更为精密的复杂零件。由此看来，在新型工业化道路的进程中，技术技能型人才是时代所需，是我国从制造大国向制造强国迈进不可或缺的战略资源。

本书面向钳工的实际工作需要，从识图与基础、技能与实例、技巧与禁忌三个方面，以工艺知识为基础，以操作技能为主线，归纳典型性、通用性和可操作性强的加工工艺实例，总结技术操作中的步骤与技巧，并针对生产中因某些操作失误而产生的质量问题，从反向思维的角度，指出一些“不宜”“不准”“不要”“不许”做的原则和具体实例，加以说明和表述。本书具有内容系统完整、结构清晰明了、操作实用性强等特点。

 

本书针对钳工的实际工作需要，对钳工必须掌握的专业基础知识、工量具和设备的操作、钳工基本的 操作技术手法、操作过程中的技巧等，进行了系统全面的介绍；并针对生产中因某些操作失误而产生的质 量问题，从反向思维的角度，指出一些“不宜”“不准”“不要”“不许”做的原则和具体实例，并加以 说明和表述。 本书可供一线工人阅读，也可作为岗前培训教材。

 

入门篇  识图与基础

第1 章  图样的基本知识

1.1 图纸幅面和格式·················· 2

1.1.1 图纸幅面······························ 2

1.1.2 图框格式······························ 3

1.1.3 标题栏································· 4

1.2 比例、字体、图线··············· 5

1.2.1 比例···································· 5

1.2.2 字体···································· 5

1.2.3 图线···································· 7

1.3 尺寸标注··························· 9

1.3.1 尺寸标注的基本要求··············· 9

1.3.2 尺寸标注的要求····················· 9

第2 章  图样的基本表达方法

2.1 视图································· 12

2.1.1 基本视图······························ 12

2.1.2 向视图································· 13

2.1.3 辅助视图······························ 14

2.2 剖视图······························ 15

2.2.1 剖视图的形成、画法与标注······ 16

2.2.2 剖视图的种类························ 18

2.2.3 剖切面的种类························ 20

2.3 断面图······························ 21

2.3.1 断面图的概念························ 21

2.3.2 断面图的种类························ 22

2.4 局部放大图和简化表示法······ 24

2.4.1 局部放大图··························· 24

2.4.2 简化画法······························ 24

2.5 机件表达方法解读··············· 27

2.5.1 支架的表达方法····················· 27

2.5.2 四通管剖视图的表达··············· 28

第3章  图样技术要求的识读

3.1 尺寸公差···························30

3.1.1 孔和轴·································30

3.1.2 尺寸的术语及定义··················30

3.1.3 偏差与公差的术语及定义·········32

3.1.4 标准公差系列························34

3.1.5 基本偏差系列························36

3.1.6 公差带·································38

3.1.7 尺寸公差的标注·····················40

3.2 几何公差···························40

3.2.1 几何公差的特征项目及符号······41

3.2.2 几何公差的代号与基准符号······41

3.2.3 零件的几何要素·····················42

3.2.4 几何公差带···························44

3.3 几何公差的标注··················46

3.3.1 被测要素的标注·····················46

3.3.2 基准要素的标注·····················48

3.3.3 几何公差的其他标注规定·········48

3.4 表面粗糙度························49

3.4.1 表面粗糙度的定义··················49

3.4.2 表面粗糙度评定参数···············50

3.4.3 表面粗糙度的标注··················55

第4章  几何图形作图及典型零件的识读

4.1 基本几何作图·····················60

4.1.1 作图工具及其使用··················60

4.1.2 常见平面图形的画法···············62

4.2 识读零件图的方法···············65

4.2.1 图样的特殊表示法··················65

4.2.2 零件图的内容························74

4.2.3 零件图的识读方法··················75

4.3 零件图识读示例··················75

4.3.1 阀杆····································76

4.3.2 阀盖····································76

4.3.3 阀体····································78

第5章  钳工常用基础知识

5.1 常用法定计量单位及其换算·································80

5.1.1 国际单位制···························80

5.1.2 常用法定计量单位与非法定计量单位的换算··························82

5.1.3 长度单位······························84

5.1.4 单位换算······························85

5.2 常用数表及计算··················89

5.2.1 函数····································89

5.2.2 三角函数的计算·····················90

5.2.3 常用图形的计算·····················91

5.3 各种字母、代号及化学元素·································97

5.3.1 常用字母、代号及符号············97

5.3.2 常用标准代号························99

5.3.3 常用化学元素的符号与材料特性及常用系数·························· 99

5.4 金属材料与热处理···············101

5.5 常用非金属材料··················101

5.6 摩擦、润滑与清洗简介·········101

第6章  钳工常用工具与设备

6.1 钳工用一般工具··················102

6.1.1 钳类工具······························102

6.1.2 扳手类工具···························105

6.1.3 螺钉旋具类工具·····················118

6.1.4 锤类工具······························121

6.2 电动与风动工具··················123

6.2.1 砂轮机·································123

6.2.2 角向磨光机···························125

6.2.3 电磨头·································125

6.2.4 电剪刀·································125

6.2.5 风砂轮·································125

6.2.6 风钻····································126

6.2.7 风铲与风镐···························126

6.3 手动压床与千斤顶···············127

6.3.1 手动压床······························127

6.3.2 千斤顶·································128

6.4 专用修理工具·····················128

6.4.1 拔卸类工具···························128

6.4.2 拆卸类工具···························130

6.5 钳工用起重器具··················130

6.5.1 捆扎用绳······························130

6.5.2 滑车····································133

6.5.3 手动葫芦······························133

6.5.4 单梁起重机···························134

6.6 钳工常用设备·····················135

6.6.1 钳工工作台···························135

6.6.2 台虎钳·································135

6.6.3 钻孔用设备···························137

第7章  钳工常用量具和量仪

7.1 量具的分类与技术指标··········145

7.1.1 量具的分类····························145

7.1.2 计量量具的基本技术指标··········145

7.2 钳工用长度量具···················146

7.2.1 钢直尺与卷尺·························146

7.2.2 游标量具·······························147

7.2.3 测微螺旋量具·························155

7.2.4 量块·····································158

7.3 钳工常用量仪······················161

7.3.1 机械式量仪····························161

7.3.2 光学量仪·······························165

7.4 常用角度量具······················167

7.4.1 直角尺··································167

7.4.2 角度量块·······························168

7.4.3 万能角度尺····························168

7.4.4 正弦规··································171

7.5 光滑极限量规······················172

7.5.1 光滑极限量规的公差带·············172

7.5.2 工作量规的设计······················176

7.6 其他计量器具······················185

7.6.1 塞尺·····································185

7.6.2 平尺·····································185

7.6.3 样板·····································187

7.6.4 水平仪··································188

7.7 技术测量基本知识················190

第8章  划线

8.1 划线用工具及其使用·············192

8.1.1 划线常用工具·························192

8.1.2 划线辅助工具·························195

8.1.3 划线工具的使用······················196

8.2 划线方法····························199

8.2.1 划线的分类····························199

8.2.2 划线基准的选择······················199

8.2.3 划线时的找正和借料················200

8.2.4 划线的步骤····························202

8.2.5 划线的基本操作······················203

8.2.6 分度头划线····························206

8.2.7 几种特殊曲线的划法················207

8.2.8 平面划线操作实例···················212

8.3 复杂、大型和畸形工件的划线··································217

8.3.1 箱体划线·······························217

8.3.2 大型工件划线·························220

8.3.3 畸形工件的划线······················223

第9章  钳工常用的加工方法

9.1 錾削··································227

9.1.1 錾削用工具的认知···················227

9.1.2 錾子的刃磨与热处理················229

9.1.3 錾削的基本操作······················231

9.1.4 錾削操作实例·························238

9.2 锯削··································242

9.2.1 锯削用工具的认知···················242

9.2.2 锯削用工具的使用···················243

9.2.3 锯削的基本操作······················244

9.2.4 各种材料的锯削方法················246

9.2.5 锯削操作实例·························250

9.3 锉削··································252

9.3.1 锉刀的结构与选用···················252

9.3.2 锉削基本操作·························257

9.3.3 常见形状的锉削操作技法··········261

9.3.4 锉配操作·······························266

9.3.5 锉削操作实例·························267

9.4 刮削与研磨·························272

9.4.1 刮削工具及其加工特点·············272

9.4.2 研具与研磨剂·························277

9.4.3 刮削的基本操作······················280

9.4.4 研磨的基本操作······················285

9.4.5 刮削与研磨操作实例················289

9.5 矫正与弯形·························292

9.5.1 矫正·····································292

9.5.2 弯曲·····································302

9.6 铆接、粘接与焊接················312

9.6.1 铆接·····································312

9.6.2 粘接·····································317

9.6.3 焊接·····································321

第10章  孔与螺纹加工

10.1 孔加工·····························324

10.1.1 钻孔····································324

10.1.2 群钻····································340

10.1.3 扩孔与锪孔···························347

10.1.4 铰孔····································351

10.1.5 孔加工操作实例····················357

10.2 螺纹加工··························359

10.2.1 认识螺纹······························359

10.2.2 攻螺纹·································363

10.2.3 套螺纹·································370

10.2.4 螺纹加工操作实例·················373

第11章  机械装配及工艺

11.1 装配工艺基础····················376

11.1.1 装配工艺过程························376

11.1.2 装配工艺规程························377

11.2 装配前的准备工作··············380

11.2.1 装配零件的清理和清洗···········380

11.2.2 零件的密封性试验··················381

11.2.3 旋转件的平衡························382

11.3 装配尺寸链和装配方法········384

11.3.1 装配精度与装配尺寸链···········384

11.3.2 装配方法······························386

11.3.3 装配尺寸链解法·····················388

11.4 固定连接的装配·················390

11.4.1 螺纹连接的装配····················390

11.4.2 键连接的装配························394

11.4.3 销连接的装配························398

11.4.4 过盈连接的装配····················400

11.4.5 管道连接装配························403

11.5 传动机构的装配·················405

11.5.1 带传动机构的装配·················405

11.5.2 链传动机构的装配··················411

11.5.3 齿轮传动机构的装配··············415

11.5.4 蜗杆传动机构的装配··············421

11.5.5 螺旋传动机构的装配··············423

11.5.6 联轴器和离合器的装配···········425

11.6 轴承和轴组的装配··············427

11.6.1 滑动轴承的装配·····················427

11.6.2 滚动轴承的装配·····················430

11.6.3 轴组的装配···························433

11.7 液压传动系统的安装与调试···436

11.7.1 液压传动的基本原理与特点·····436

11.7.2 液压元件与液压系统··············439

11.7.3 液压系统的安装与调试···········444

11.7.4 液压设备的维护保养··············448

第12章  第12章  钳工基本操作的技巧与禁忌

12.1 划线工作中的技巧与禁忌·····452

12.1.1 划线前准备工件的技巧与禁忌··452

12.1.2 划线操作中的技巧与禁忌········454

12.2 錾削加工中的技巧与禁忌·····460

12.2.1 錾子的刃磨技巧与禁忌···········460

12.2.2 錾削操作中的技巧与禁忌········460

12.3 锯削加工中的技巧与禁忌·····465

12.3.1 锯削运动的技巧与禁忌···········465

12.3.2 型材锯削的技巧与禁忌···········466

12.4 锉削加工中的技巧与禁忌·····469

12.4.1 锉刀使用的技巧与禁忌···········469

12.4.2 锉削操作中的技巧与禁忌········471

12.5 刮削加工中的技巧与禁忌·····475

12.5.1 刮刀的使用技巧与禁忌···········475

12.5.2 刮削操作中的技巧与禁忌········476

12.6 研磨加工中的技巧与禁忌·····481

12.6.1 研磨加工准备的技巧与禁忌·····481

12.6.2 研磨操作中的技巧与禁忌········481

第13章  孔和螺纹加工中的技巧与禁忌

13.1 孔加工的技巧与禁忌···········484

13.1.1 钻孔的技巧与禁忌·················484

13.1.2 铰孔的技巧与禁忌··················488

13.2 螺纹加工中的技巧与禁忌·····491

13.2.1 攻螺纹的技巧与禁忌··············491

13.2.2 套螺纹的技巧与禁忌··············494

第14章  铆接、粘接和矫正、弯曲加工的技巧与禁忌

14.1 铆接和粘接加工的技巧与禁忌····496

14.1.1 铆接的技巧与禁忌·················496

14.1.2 粘接的技巧与禁忌·················498

14.2 矫正和弯曲的加工技巧与禁忌····500

14.2.1 矫正的技巧与禁忌·················500

14.2.2 弯曲的技巧与禁忌·················501

第15章  装配工作中的技巧与禁忌

15.1 通用零（部）件检修、装配操作的技巧与禁忌·······502

15.1.1 拆卸零（部）件的技巧与禁忌··502

15.1.2 检查零（部）件的技巧与禁忌··503

15.1.3 通用零（部）件的装配技巧与禁忌·······504

15.1.4 过盈装配的技巧与禁忌···········505

15.2 常用传动机构的装配技巧与禁忌······507

15.2.1 带传动机构的装配技巧与禁忌········507

15.2.2 链传动机构的装配技巧与禁忌········508

15.2.3 齿轮机构的装配技巧与禁忌·····510

15.2.4 蜗杆传动机构的装配技巧与禁忌·······510

15.2.5 联轴器和离合器的装配技巧与禁忌······511

第16章  维修钳工工作中的技巧与禁忌

16.1 钳工设备及工量具使用中的技巧与禁忌········513

16.1.1 钳工常用设备的使用技巧与禁忌·····513

16.1.2 钳工常用工量具的使用技巧与禁忌······516

16.2 旧损零件修复的技巧与禁忌·······519

16.2.1 判定零件旧损的技巧与禁忌·······519

16.2.2 热喷漆塑料法修复旧损零件的技巧与禁忌·········520

16.2.3 喷焊工艺修复旧损零件的技巧与禁忌··············521

16.2.4 粘接法修复旧损零件的技巧与禁忌······523

16.2.5 镶套法修复旧损零件的技巧与禁忌······523

16.2.6 金属扣合技术修复旧损零件的技巧与禁忌·····523

16.3 机床安装调试的技巧与禁忌····527

16.3.1 机床设备基础施工技术的技巧与禁忌········527

16.3.2 机床安装准备与组织配合的技巧与禁忌·······529

16.3.3 卧式车床的安装调试的技巧与禁忌········530

16.3.4 车床精度检验的技巧与禁忌····538

16.3.5 车床试车和检查验收的技巧与禁忌·······542

参考文献

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