I. INTRODUCTORY 1. Theory and Experiment 2. The Fundamental Concepts of ntum Theory a) Wilson Photographs b) Diffraction of Matter Waves (Davisson and Germer, Thomson, Rupp) c) The Diffraction of X-Rays d) The Compton-Simon Experiment e) The Collision Experiments of Franck and Hertz II. CRITIUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE CORPUSCULAR THEORY 1. The Uncertainty Relations 2. Illustrations of the Uncertainty Relations a) Determination of the Position of a Free Particle b) Measurement of the Velocity or Momentum of a Free Particle c) Bound Electrons d) Energy Measurements III. CRITIUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE WE THEORY 1. The Uncertainty Relations for Waves 2. Discussion of an Actual Measurement of the Electromagnetic Field IV. THE STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF UANTUM THEORY 1. Mathematical Considerations 2. Interference of Probabilities 3. Bohr's Concept of Complementarity V. DISCUSSION OF IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS 1. The C. T. R. Wilson Experiments 2. Diffraction Experiments 3. The Experiment of Einstein and Rupp 4. Emission, Absorption, and Dispersion of Radiation a) Application of the Conservation Laws b) Correspondence Principle and the Method of Virtual Charges c) The Complete Treatment of Radiation and Matter 5. Interference and the Conservation Laws 6. The Compton Effect and the Compton-Simon Experiment 7. Radiation Fluctuation Phenomena 8. Relativistic Formulation of the ntum Theory APPENDIX: THE MATHEMATICAL APPARATUS OF THE UANTUM THEORY 1. The Corpuscular Concept of Matter 2. The Transformation Theory 3. The Schr?dinger Equation 4. The Perturbation Method 5. Resonance between Two Atoms: the Physical Interpretation of the Transformation Matrices 6. The Corpuscular Concept for Radiation 7. ntum Statistics 8. The Wave Concept for Matter and Radiation: Classical Theory 9. ntum Theory of Wave Fields 10. Application to Waves of Negative Charge 11. Proof of the Mathematical Equivalence of the ntum Theory of Particles and of Waves 12. Application to the Theory of Radiation NEX
沃纳·海森堡(Werner Karl Heisenberg,1901年12月5日—1976年2月1日),德国有名物理学家,量子力学的主要创始人,哥本哈根学派的代表人物,1932年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。他对物理学的主要贡献是给出了量子力学的矩阵形式(矩阵力学),提出了“测不准原理”(又称“海森堡不确定原理”)和S矩阵理论等。