1 Residual Stresses of Materials 1.1 Definition and Classification of Residual Stresses 1.2 Formation Mechanism of Residual Stress 1.2.1 Formation Mechanism of Macroscopic Residual Stress 1.2.2 Formation Mechanism of Microscopic Residual Stress 1.3 Effect of Residual Stress on Properties of Materials 1.3.1 Effect of Residual Stress on Fatigue Strent 1.3.2 Effect of Residual Stress on Brittle Failure 1.3.3 Effect of Residual Stress on Stress Corrosion Cracking 1.3.4 Effect of Residual Stress on Machining Precision and Dimension Stability 1.4 Test Methods of Residual Stress 1.4.1 Nondestructive Testing Methods 1.4.2 Destructive Testing Methods References 2 Principle and Methods of Nanoindentation Test 2.1 Overview of Nanoindentation Technique 2.2 Measurement Principles of Hardness and Elastic Modulus 2.2.1 Oliver and Pharr Method (O&P Method) 2.2.2 Work-of-Indentation Method 2.. Continuous Stiffness Measurement . Nanoindentation Testing Method ..1 Indenter Types ..2 Nanoindentation Instrumentation 2.4 Factors Affecting Nanoindentation Test Results References 3 Theoretical Models for Measuring Residual Stress by Nanoindentation Method 3.1 Principle of Measuring Residual Stress by Nanoindentation Method 3.2 Effect of Residual Stress on Nanoindentation Parameters 3.2.1 Effect of Residual Stress on Load-Depth Curves 3.2.2 Effect of Residual Stress on Pile-up Deformation 3.. Effect of Residual Stress on Contact Area 3.2.4 Effect of Residual Stress on Mechanical Properties 3.3 Models for Measuring Residual Stress 3.3.1 Suresh Model 3.3.2 Lee Model 3.3.3 Xu Model 3.3.4 Swadener Model 3.4 Indentation Fracture Technique References 4 Application of Suresh and Lee Models in the Measurement of Residual Stress of Bulk Materials 4.1 Measurement of Residual Stresses in Single Crystal Copper 4.1.1 Pile-up of Single Crystal Copper 4.1.2 Model Construction of the Real Contact Area 4.1.3 Comparison of Different Methods for Calculating Contact Area 4.1.4 The Real Contact Area of the Single Crystal Copper 4.1.5 The Real Hardness of the Single Crystal Copper 4.1.6 Residual Stress Calculation of the Single Crystal Copper 4.2 Residual Stress Determination of 1045 Steel 4.2.1 Experimental 4.2.2 Load-Depth Curves of the 1045 Steel 4.. Pile-up Deformation of the 1045 Steel 4.2.4 The Real Hardness of the 1045 Steel 4.2.5 Calculation of Residual Stresses of the 1045 Steel References 5 Application of Suresh and Lee Models in the Measurement of Residual Stress of Coatings 5.1 Residual Stresses of Fe-Based Laser Cladding Coatings 5.1.1 Preparation of Fe-Based Laser Cladding Coatings 5.1.2 Microstructures of Fe-Based Laser Cladding Coatings 5.1.3 Residual Stress Analysis of Fe-Based Laser Cladding Coatings 5.2 Residual Stress of Fe-Based Coatings Prepared by Supersonic Plasma Spraying 5.2.1 Preparation of Sprayed Fe-Based Coatings 5.2.2 Microstructure of Sprayed Fe-Based Coatings 5.. Residual Stress Analysis of Sprayed Fe-Based Coatings 5.3 Residual Stress of Plasma Cladding Coatings 5.3.1 Preparation of Plasma Cladding Coatings 5.3.2 Microstructure of Plasma Cladding Coatings 5.3.3 Mechanical Properties of Plasma Cladding Coatings 5.3.4 Residual Stress Analysis of Plasma Cladding Coatings . 5.4 Residual Stress of n-Al203/Ni Coite Brush Plating Coatings 5.4.1 Preparation of n-A^C^/Ni Coite Brush Plating Coatings 5.4.2 Microstructure of n-Al203/Ni Coite Brush Plating Coatings 5.4.3 Mechanical Properties of n-Al203/Ni Coite Brush Plating Coatings 5.4.4 Residual Stress Analysis of n-Al203/Ni Coite Brush Plating Coatings References 6 Application of Suresh and Lee