Introduction Chapter 1: Background 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Vocabulary Teaching in China 1.5.1 English as a Second Language in China 1.5.2 The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge 1.5.3 The Current Situation of Vocabulary Teaching in China Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching 2.3 Approaches to Vocabulary Teaching 2.3.1 Incidental Approach 2.3.2 Intentional Approach 2.3.3 Word Association Approach and the Contextualised Approach 2.4 Vocabulary Knowledge and Development 2.4.1 Vocabulary Size 2.4.2 What is Involved in Knowing a Word? 2.4.3 Receptive Knowledge versus Productive Knowledge 2.4.4 The Development of Vocabulary Knowledge 2.4.5 Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Burden 2.5 Language Processing and the Conceptualisation of Bottom - up and Top - down 2.6 The Components of a Vocabulary Course 2.6.1 The Goals of Vocabulary Teaching 2.6.2 Needs Analysis of a Vocabulary Course 2.6.3 Environment Analysis 2.6.4 Teaching Principles 2.6.5 Teaching Content and Sequence 2.6.6 Format and Presentation 2.6.7 Monitoring and Assessment 2.6.8 Course Evaluation 2.7 Previous Research 2.7.1 Research on Bottom - up and Top - down Approaches 2.7.2 Research on Vocabulary Teaching 2.8 Chinese Culture and the Role of Culture in EFL Teaching 2.8.1 The Fundamental Features of Chinese Culture 2.8.2 The Role of Culture in EFL Teaching 2.9 Summary and Implications Chapter 3: Methodology and Design 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Overview of the Research Project 3.3 Research Design 3.4 Participants 3.4.1 Research Sample 3.4.2 Recruitment 3.4.3 Allocation of Participants 3.5 Instruments 3.5.1 Background Information Questionnaire 3.5.2 Vocabulary Knowledge Tests 3.5.3 Course Evaluation Questionnaire 3.6 Research Procedure 3.7 Instruction 3.7.1 Teaching Procedure 3.7.2 Teaching Materials and Resources 3.7.3 Teaching Activities 3.8 Data Analysis 3.9 Summary Chapter 4: Data Analysis 4.1 Overview 4.2 Preliminary (Descriptive) Analysis 4.3 Main Analysis 4.3.1 The Results of Academic Vocabulary Size Tests (AVST) 4.3.2 The Results of Controlled Productive Knowledge Tests (CPKT) 4.4 Conclusion Chapter 5: Discussion 5.1 Overview 5.2 The Different Effect between Bottom - up and Top - down Approaches 5.2.1 Nature of L2 Lexical Acquisition and its Alignment with Bottom - up Processing 5.2.2 Learners Low Proficiency Level Favours Bottom- up Proeessing 5.2.3 Socio- cultural and Traditional Factors in the Chinese Context 5.3 About the Vocabulary Course 5.3.1 Composition of the Course ( in terms of Nation s four strands) 5.3.2 The Role of Explicit/Direct Vocabulary Instruction 5.3.3 Input Processing Management 5.3.4 The Instruction Targeted both Receptive and Productive Skills 5.3.5 Combination of both the Key Words Approach and the Contextualised Approach 5.3.6 Use of Online Resources 5.4 Conclusion Chapter 6: Conclusion 6.1 Project Summary 6.2 Contribution of the Study 6.2.1 Contributions to Scholarship in the Field of L2 Research 6.2.2 Contributions to Second Language Pedagogy 6.3 Limitations of the Current Study and Recommendation for Future Research 6.4 Recommendations for Second Language Pedagogy 6.4.1 A Plausible.Heuristic and Eclectic Approach in ELT 6.4.2 Eclectic Dynamic Language Acquisition Model Integrating Bottom -up and Top -down Dimensions 6.5 Final Comments References Appendix A: Teaching Syllabus Appendix B: Lesson Plan Appendix C: Teaching Materials 1.Academic Words Lists (AWL) (Coxhead,2000) 2.Sub - lists of the AWL ( Coxhead ,2000) 3.IELTS Preparing Book ( IELTS 7,2008.p.78) 4.The List of Target Teaching Words $.Academic Vocabulary Exercises Appendix D: Teaching Resources 1.Word Formation: http://wordinfo.info/ 2.Bilinguial online dictionary: http://www.iciba.corn/ 3.WordNet Search 3.0: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn 4.Visuahhesaurus: http://www.visualthesaurus.com/trialover! $.Oxford Collocation Dictionary Online: http://www.ozdic.corn 6.Long Dictionary of Contemporary English: http://www.ldoceonline.com Appendix E: Research Instruments 1.Background Information Collection Form 2.Vocabulary Pre and Post Tests 3.Course Evaluation Questionnaire