![目录]()
Main Researchers/Editors xxvii
Preface xxix
Brief Introduction xxxi
1. Sulfonamides 1
1.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Sulfonamides 1
1.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Sulfonamide Drugs 2
1.3 Determination of 16 Sulfonamide Residues in Livestock and Poultry Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20759-2006) 8
1.3.1 Scope 8
1.3.2 Principle 8
1.3.3 Reagents and Materials 8
1.3.4 Apparatus 9
1.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 9
1.3.6 Determination 9
1.3.7 Precision 10
1.3.8 Recovery 12
Researchers 12
Further Reading 16
1.4 Determination of 16 Sulfonamide Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22966-2008) 16
1.4.1 Scope 16
1.4.2 Principle 16
1.4.3 Reagents and Materials 17
1.4.4 Apparatus 17
1.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 18
1.4.6 Determination 18
1.4.7 Precision 19
1.4.8 Recovery 28
Researchers 28
1.5 Determination of 18 Sulfonamide Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22951-2008) 29
1.5.1 Scope 29
1.5.2 Principle 29
1.5.3 Reagents and Materials 29
1.5.4 Apparatus 30
1.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 31
1.5.6 Determination 31
1.5.7 Precision 35
1.5.8 Recovery 36
Researchers 40
1.6 Determination of 8 Sulfonamides residues in Honey—LC-FLD Method (GB/T 18932.5-2002) 41
1.6.1 Scope 41
1.6.2 Principle 41
1.6.3 Reagents and Materials 41
1.6.4 Apparatus 42
1.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 42
1.6.6 Determination 43
1.6.7 Precision 43
1.6.8 Recovery 46
Researchers 47
Further Reading 47
1.7 Determination of 16 Sulfonamide Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.17-2003) 47
1.7.1 Scope 47
1.7.2 Principle 47
1.7.3 Reagents and Materials 48
1.7.4 Apparatus 48
1.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 48
1.7.6 Determination 49
1.7.7 Precision 52
1.7.8 Recovery 52
Researchers 55
Further Reading 55
1.8 Determination of 18 Sulfonamide Residues in Royal Jelly—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22947-2008) 56
1.8.1 Scope 56
1.8.2 Principle 56
1.8.3 Reagents and Materials 56
1.8.4 Apparatus 57
1.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 58
1.8.6 Determination 58
1.8.7 Precision 62
1.8.8 Recovery 64
Researchers 66
2. β-Adrenoceptor Agonists 67
2.1 Determination of 12 β-Agonist Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22965-2008) 67
2.1.1 Scope 67
2.1.2 Principle 67
2.1.3 Reagents and Materials 68
2.1.4 Apparatus 69
2.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 69
2.1.6 Determination 70
2.1.7 Precision 76
2.1.8 Recovery 76
Researchers 78
Further Reading 78
2.2 Determination of 12 β-Agonist Residues in Fugu, Eel,and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22950-2008) 81
2.2.1 Scope 81
2.2.2 Principle 81
2.2.3 Reagents and Materials 81
2.2.4 Apparatus 82
2.2.5 Sample Pretreatment 83
2.2.6 Determination 84
2.2.7 Precision 85
2.2.8 Recovery 85
Researchers 85
Further Reading 88
3. Aminoglycoside 91
3.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Streptomycin 91
3.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Streptomycin and Dihydrostreptomycin 92
3.3 Determination of Streptomycin Residues in Honey—LC-FLD (GB/T 18932.3-2002) 93
3.3.1 Scope 93
3.3.2 Principle 93
3.3.3 Reagents and Materials 93
3.3.4 Apparatus 94
3.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 95
3.3.6 Determination 95
3.3.7 Precision 97
3.3.8 Recovery 97
Researchers 97
Further Reading 97
3.4 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin,and Kanamycin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22969-2008) 98
3.4.1 Scope 98
3.4.2 Principle 98
3.4.3 Reagents and Materials 98
3.4.4 Apparatus 99
3.4.5 Preparation and Storage of Test Sample 100
3.4.6 Determination 101
3.4.7 Precision 104
3.4.8 Recovery 104
Researchers 105
3.5 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin,and Kanamycin Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22954-2008) 105
3.5.1 Scope 105
3.5.2 Principle 106
3.5.3 Reagents and Materials 106
3.5.4 Apparatus 107
3.5.5 Sample pretreatment 107
3.5.6 Determination 108
3.5.7 Precision 109
3.5.8 Recovery 110
Researchers 110
3.6 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin,and Kanamycin Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22995-2008) 111
3.6.1 Scope 111
3.6.2 Principle 111
3.6.3 Reagents and Materials 111
3.6.4 Apparatus 112
3.6.5 Sample pretreatment 112
3.6.6 Determination 113
3.6.7 Precision 114
3.6.8 Recovery 115
Researchers 115
3.7 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin,and Kanamycin Residues in Royal Jelly—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22945-2008) 116
3.7.1 Scope 116
3.7.2 Principle 116
3.7.3 Reagents and Materials 116
3.7.4 Apparatus 117
3.7.5 Sample pretreatment 118
3.7.6 Determination 118
3.7.7 Precision 119
3.7.8 Recovery 120
Researchers 121
4. Chloramphenicol 123
4.1 Curative Effect and Side Effects of Chloramphenicol 123
4.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol 123
4.3 Determination of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol Residues in Edible Animal Muscles, Liver, and Aquatic Products—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20756-2006) 125
4.3.1 Scope 125
4.3.2 Principle 125
4.3.3 Reagents and Materials 125
4.3.4 Apparatus 126
4.3.5 Sample pretreatment 126
4.3.6 Determination 127
4.3.7 Precision 128
4.3.8 Recovery 130
Researchers 131
Further Reading 131
4.4 Determination of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MSMethod (GB/T 22959-2008) 132
4.4.1 Scope 132
4.4.2 Principle 132
4.4.3 Reagents 132
4.4.4 Apparatus 133
4.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 134
4.4.6 Determination 135
4.4.7 Precision 137
4.4.8 Recovery 138
Researchers 138
5.β-Lactams 143
5.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Penicillins 143
5.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Penicillins 143
5.3 Determination of Nine Penicillin Residues in Livestock and Poultry Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 20755-2006) 147
5.3.1 Scope 147
5.3.2 Principle 147
5.3.3 Reagents and Materials 147
5.3.4 Apparatus 148
5.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 148
5.3.6 Determination 148
5.3.7 Precision 149
5.3.8 Recovery 152
Researchers 154
Further Reading 154
5.4 Determination of Nine Penicillin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22975-2008) 154
5.4.1 Scope 154
5.4.2 Principle 154
5.4.3 Reagents and Materials 155
5.4.4 Apparatus and Equipment 155
5.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 156
5.4.6 Determination 156
5.4.7 Precision 159
5.4.8 Recovery 161
Researchers 162
5.5 Determination of Nine Penicillin Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22952-2008) 163
5.5.1 Scope 163
5.5.2 Principle 163
5.5.3 Reagents and Materials 163
5.5.4 Apparatus 164
5.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 164
5.5.6 Determination 165
5.5.7 Precision 168
5.5.8 Recovery 170
Researchers 170
5.6 Method for the Determination of Six Penicillin Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.25-2005) 171
5.6.1 Scope 171
5.6.2 Principle 171
5.6.3 Reagents and Materials 171
5.6.4 Apparatus 171
5.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 172
5.6.6 Determination 172
5.6.7 Precision 175
5.6.8 Recovery 177
Researchers 177
Further Reading 177
5.7 Determination of Cefapirin, Cephalexin, Cefalonium,Cefquinome Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22989-2008) 177
5.7.1 Scope 177
5.7.2 Principle 178
5.7.3 Reagents and Materials 178
5.7.4 Apparatus 179
5.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 179
5.7.6 Determination 180
5.7.7 Precision 182
5.7.8 Recovery 182
Researchers 184
5.8 Determination of Cefazolin, Cefapirin, Cephalexin,Cefalonium, Cefquinome Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22960-2008) 184
5.8.1 Scope 184
5.8.2 Principle 184
5.8.3 Reagents and Materials 184
5.8.4 Apparatus 185
5.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 185
5.8.6 Determination 186
5.8.7 Precision 187
5.8.8 Recovery 189
Researchers 189
5.9 Determination of Cefazolin, Cephapirin, Cephalexin,Cefalonium, Cefquinome Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22942-2008) 189
5.9.1 Scope 189
5.9.2 Principle 190
5.9.3 Reagents and Materials 190
5.9.4 Apparatus 190
5.9.5 Sample Pretreatment 191
5.9.6 Determination 191
5.9.7 Precision 192
5.9.8 Recovery 194
Researchers 194
6. Macrolides 195
6.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Avermectins 195
6.2 The Kinetics of Avermectins: Disposition and Metabolism 196
6.3 Maximum Residue Limits for Avermectins 196
6.4 Determination of Avermectin Residues in Bovine Liver and Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20748-2006) 198
6.4.1 Scope 198
6.4.2 Principle 198
6.4.3 Reagents and Materials 198
6.4.4 Apparatus 199
6.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 199
6.4.6 Determination 199
6.4.7 Precision 201
6.4.8 Recovery 202
Researchers 203
Further Reading 204
6.5 Curative Effect and Side Effects of Lincomycin,Oleandomycin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin, Tylosin,Clindamycin, Spiramycin, Kitasamycin and Josamycin 204
6.6 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Lincomycin, Oleandomycin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin,Tylosin, Clindamycin, Spiramycin, Kitasamycin, and Josamycin 205
6.7 Determination of 9 Macroide and Lincosamide Residues in Livestock and Poultry Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 20762-2006) 209
6.7.1 Scope 209
6.7.2 Principle 209
6.7.3 Reagents and Materials 209
6.7.4 Apparatus 210
6.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 210
6.7.6 Determination 211
6.7.7 Precision 213
6.7.8 Recovery 215
Researchers 217
Further Reading 217
6.8 Determination of Ivermectin, Abamectin, Doramectin,and Eprinomectin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22968-2008) 217
6.8.1 Scope 217
6.8.2 Principle 217
6.8.3 Reagents and Materials 218
6.8.4 Apparatus 218
6.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 219
6.8.6 Determination 219
6.8.7 Precision 222
6.8.8 Recovery 223
Researchers 223
6.9 Determination of Ivermectin, Abamectin, Doramectin,and Eprinomectin Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22953-2008) 225
6.9.1 Scope 225
6.9.2 Principle 225
6.9.3 Reagents and Materials 225
6.9.4 Apparatus 226
6.9.5 Sample Pretreatment 226
6.9.6 Determination 227
6.9.7 Precision 228
6.9.8 Recovery 230
Researchers 232
6.10 Determination of Spiramycin, Pirlimycin,Oleandomycin,Tilmicosin,Erythromycin,and Tylosin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22988-2008) 232
6.10.1 Scope 232
6.10.2 Principle 232
6.10.3 Reagents and Materials 232
6.10.4 Apparatus 233
6.10.5 Sample Preparation 233
6.10.6 Determination 234
6.10.7 Precision 236
6.10.8 Recovery 237
Researchers 238
6.11 Determination of Lincomycin, Oleandomycin, Erythromycin,Tilmicosin, Tylosin, Spiramycin, Kitasamycin, and Josamycin Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22964-2008) 240
6.11.1 Scope 240
6.11.2 Principle 240
6.11.3 Reagents and Materials 240
6.11.4 Apparatus 242
6.11.5 Sample Pretreatment 242
6.11.6 Determination 243
6.11.7 Precision 247
6.11.8 Recovery 248
Researchers 249
6.12 Determination of Lincomycin, Erythromycin, Spiramycin,Tilmicosin, Tylosin, Josamycin, Kitasamycin, Oleandomycin Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22941-2008) 249
6.12.1 Scope 249
6.12.2 Principle 250
6.12.3 Reagents and Materials 250
6.12.4 Apparatus 251
6.12.5 Sample Pretreatment 251
6.12.6 Determination 252
6.12.7 Precision 254
6.12.8 Recovery 255
6.13 Determination of Lincomycin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin,Tylosin, Spiramycin, Clindamycin, Kitasamycin, and Josamycin Residues in Royal Jelly and Lyophilized Royal Jelly Powder—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22946-2008) 257
6.13.1 Scope 257
6.13.2 Principle 257
6.13.3 Reagents and Materials 257
6.13.4 Apparatus 258
6.13.5 Sample Pretreatmen 258
6.13.6 Determination 260
6.13.7 Precision 261
6.13.8 Recovery 263
Researchers 264
7. Nitrofurans 265
7.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Nitrofurans 265
7.2 Pharmacokinetics of Nitrofurans 265
7.3 Determination of Residues of the Metabolites of Nitrofurans in Pork, Beef, Chicken, Porcine Liver, and Aquatic Products—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20752-2006) 267
7.3.1 Scope 267
7.3.2 Principle 268
7.3.3 Reagents and Materials 268
7.3.4 Apparatus 269
7.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 269
7.3.6 Determination 270
7.3.7 Precision 273
7.3.8 Recovery 273
Researchers 275
Further Reading 275
7.4 Determination for the Residues of Furaltadon,Nitrofurazone, Nitrofurantoin, and Furazolidone Metabolites in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22987-2008) 275
7.4.1 Scope 275
7.4.2 Principle 275
7.4.3 Reagents and Materials 276
7.4.4 Apparatus 277
7.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 277
7.4.6 Determination 278
7.4.7 Precision 280
7.4.8 Recovery 280
Researchers 281
7.5 Determination of Residues of the Metabolites of Furaltadone,Nitrofurazone, Nitrofurantoin, and Furazolidone in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.24-2005) 281
7.5.1 Scope 281
7.5.2 Principle 282
7.5.3 Apparatus 282
7.5.4 Reagents and Materials 282
7.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 283
7.5.6 Determination 283
7.5.7 Precision 286
7.5.8 Recovery 287
Researchers 288
Further Reading 288
8. Anabolic Steroids 289
8.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Trenbolone 289
8.2 Metabolites of Trenbolone 289
8.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for α-Trenbolone and β-Trenbolone 290
8.4 Determination of α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone Residues in Bovine Muscle, Liver, and Kidney—LC-UV and LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20760-2006) 291
8.4.1 Scope 291
8.4.2 Principle 292
8.4.3 Reagents and Materials 292
8.4.4 Apparatus 292
8.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 292
8.4.6 Determination 293
8.4.7 Precision 296
8.4.8 Recovery 296
Researchers 298
Further Reading 298
8.5 Curative Effects and Side Effects of α-Trenbolone,β-Trenbolone, Nortestosterone and Epi-Nortestosterone 298
8.6 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone, Nortestosterone, and Epi-Nortestosterone 299
8.7 Determination of α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone,Nortestosterone and Epi-Nortestosterone Residues in Bovine Urine—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20761-2006) 299
8.7.1 Scope 299
8.7.2 Principle 299
8.7.3 Reagents and Materials 301
8.7.4 Apparatus 301
8.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 301
8.7.6 Determination 302
8.7.7 Precision 303
8.7.8 Recovery 304
Researchers 305
Further Reading 305
8.8 Determination of Melengestrol Acetate, Chlormadinone Acetate, and Megestrol Acetate Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—HPLC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22973-2008) 305
8.8.1 Scope 305
8.8.2 Principle 305
8.8.3 Reagents and Materials 306
8.8.4 Apparatus 307
8.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 307
8.8.6 Determination 308
8.8.7 Precision 309
8.8.8 Recovery 312
Researchers 312
8.9 Determination of α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone,Nortestosterone, and Epi-Nortestosterone Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22976-2008) 312
8.9.1 Scope 312
8.9.2 Principle 313
8.9.3 Reagents and Materials 314
8.9.4 Apparatus 314
8.9.5 Sample Pretreatment 315
8.9.6 Determination 316
8.9.7 Precision 317
8.9.8 Recovery 319
Researchers 320
8.10 Determination of Testosterone, Epi-Testosterone and Progesterone Residues in Bovine Liver and Muscle—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20758-2006) 321
8.10.1 Scope 321
8.10.2 Principle 321
8.10.3 Reagents and Materials 321
8.10.4 Apparatus 322
8.10.5 Sample Pretreatment 322
8.10.6 Determination 323
8.10.7 Precision 326
8.10.8 Recovery 327
Researchers 328
Further Reading 328
8.11 Method for the Determination of Melengestrol Acetate,Chlormadinone Acetate, and Megestrol Acetate Residues in Bovine and Porcine Fat—LC-UV(GB/T 20753-2006) 328
8.11.1 Scope 328
8.11.2 Principle 328
8.11.3 Reagents and Materials 328
8.11.4 Apparatus 329
8.11.5 Sample Pretreatment 330
8.11.6 Determination 331
8.11.7 Precision 331
8.11.8 Recovery 333
Researchers 333
9. Inanabolic Steroids 335
9.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Zeranol, Zearalanone,Diethylstilbestrol, Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol 335
9.2 The Metabolite of Zeranol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol,Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol 336
9.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Zeranol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol, Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol 336
9.4 Determination of Zearalanol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol,Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol Multiresidues in Bovine and Equine Liver, Kidney, and Muscle—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 20766-2006) 339
9.4.1 Scope 339
9.4.2 Principle 339
9.4.3 Reagents and Materials 339
9.4.4 Apparatus 340
9.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 340
9.4.6 Determination 341
9.4.7 Precision 343
9.4.8 Recovery 343
Researchers 344
Further Reading 344
9.5 Determination of Zearalanol, Diethylstilbestrol,Hexestrol and Dienoestrol Multiresidues in Bovine Urine—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20767-2006) 345
9.5.1 Scope 345
9.5.2 Principle 345
9.5.3 Reagents and Materials 345
9.5.4 Apparatus 346
9.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 346
9.5.6 Determination 347
9.5.7 Precision 348
9.5.8 Recovery 349
Researchers 349
Further Reading 350
9.6 Determination of Zearalanol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol,Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol Multiresidues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22992-2008) 350
9.6.1 Scope 350
9.6.2 Principle 350
9.6.3 Reagents and Materials 350
9.6.4 Apparatus 351
9.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 352
9.6.6 Determination 353
9.6.7 Precision 353
9.6.8 Recovery 356
Researchers 357
9.7 Determination of Zearalanol, Zearalanone,Diethylstilbestrol, Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22963-2008) 358
9.7.1 Scope 358
9.7.2 Principle 358
9.7.3 Reagents and Materials 358
9.7.4 Apparatus 359
9.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 360
9.7.6 Determination 361
9.7.7 Precision 362
9.7.8 Recovery 362
Researchers 363
10. Glucocorticoid 365
10.1 Determination of Nine Glucocorticoid Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22957-2008) 365
10.1.1 Scope 365
10.1.2 Principle 365
10.1.3 Reagents and Materials 365
10.1.4 Apparatus 366
10.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 367
10.1.6 Determination 367
10.1.7 Precision 369
10.1.8 Recovery 371
Researchers 371
11. Fluoroquinolone 375
11.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Quinolones 375
11.2 Pharmacokinetics of Quinolones 376
11.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Quinolones 376
11.4 Determination of 15 Quinolone Residues in Eel and Eel Products—LC-MS-MS Method 376
11.4.1 Scope 376
11.4.2 Principle 380
11.4.3 Reagents and Materials 380
11.4.4 Apparatus 380
11.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 380
11.4.6 Determination 381
11.4.7 Precision 384
11.4.8 Recovery 385
Researchers 385
References 391
11.5 Determination of Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin,Ciprofloxacin, Sarafloxacin, Orbifloxacin, Difloxacin, and Marbofloxacin in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22985-2008) 391
11.5.1 Scope 391
11.5.2 Principle 392
11.5.3 Reagents and Materials 392
11.5.4 Apparatus 393
11.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 393
11.5.6 Determination 394
11.5.7 Precision 395
11.5.8 Recovery 399
Researchers 400
11.6 Method for the Determination of 14 Quinolone Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20757-2006) 401
11.6.1 Scope 401
11.6.2 Principle 401
11.6.3 Reagents and Materials 401
11.6.4 Apparatus 402
11.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 402
11.6.6 Determination 403
11.6.7 Precision 404
11.6.8 Recovery 406
Researchers 410
12. Tetracyclines 411
12.1 Curative Effect and Side Effects 411
12.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Tetracyclines 411
12.3 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Edible Animal Muscles—LC-UV Method (GB/T 20764-2006) 413
12.3.1 Scope 413
12.3.2 Principle 413
12.3.3 Reagents and Materials 413
12.3.4 Apparatus 414
12.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 414
12.3.6 Determination 415
12.3.7 Precision 415
12.3.8 Recovery 417
Researchers 418
Further Reading 418
12.4 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—HPLC-UV Method (GB/T 22990-2008) 418
12.4.1 Scope 418
12.4.2 Principle 418
12.4.3 Reagents and Materials 419
12.4.4 Apparatus 419
12.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 420
12.4.6 Determination 420
12.4.7 Precision 421
12.4.8 Recovery 423
Researchers 424
12.5 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Fugu and Eel—HPLC-UV Method (GB/T 22961-2008) 424
12.5.1 Scope 424
12.5.2 Principle 424
12.5.3 Reagents and Materials 424
12.5.4 Apparatus 425
12.5.5 Sample pretreatment 426
12.5.6 Determination 427
12.5.7 Precision 427
12.5.8 Recovery 429
Researchers 429
12.6 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Honey—LC-UV Method (GB/T 18932.4-2002) 430
12.6.1 Scope 430
12.6.2 Principle 430
12.6.3 Reagents and Materials 430
12.6.4 Apparatus 431
12.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 431
12.6.6 Determination 432
12.6.7 Precision 432
12.6.8 Recovery 434
Researchers 434
Further Reading 434
12.7 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.23-2003) 435
12.7.1 Scope 435
12.7.2 Principles 435
12.7.3 Reagents and Materials 435
12.7.4 Apparatus 436
12.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 436
12.7.6 Determination 437
12.7.7 Precision 439
12.7.8 Recovery 439
Researchers 440
Further Reading 440
13. Sedative 441
13.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Tranquilizers 441
13.2 Pharmacokinetics of Azaperone 441
13.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limit of Tranquilizers 442
13.4 Determination of Acetopromaizine, Chlorpromazine,Haloperidol, Propionylpromazine, Xylazine, Azaperone,Azaperol, and Carazolol Residues in Porcine Kidney and Muscle Tissues—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20763-2006) 442
13.4.1 Scope 442
13.4.2 Principle 446
13.4.3 Reagents and Materials 446
13.4.4 Apparatus 447
13.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 447
13.4.6 Determination 448
13.4.7 Precision 448
13.4.8 Recovery 453
Researchers 453
Further Reading 453
13.5 Determination of Eight Tranquilizer Residues in Bovine Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22993-2008) 454
13.5.1 Scope 454
13.5.2 Principle 454
13.5.3 Reagents and Materials 454
13.5.4 Apparatus 456
13.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 456
13.5.6 Determination 457
13.5.7 Precision 459
13.5.8 Recovery 461
Researchers 464
14. Pyrazolone 465
14.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Phenylbutazone 465
14.2 Chemical Structure of Phenylbutazone 466
14.3 Determination of Phenylbutazone in Livestock and Poultry Muscles—LC-UV Method (GB/T 20754-2006) 466
14.3.1 Scope 466
14.3.2 Principles 467
14.3.3 Reagents and Materials 467
14.3.4 Apparatus 468
14.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 468
14.3.6 Determination 468
14.3.7 Precision 469
14.3.8 Recovery 470
Researchers 470
Further Reading 470
14.4 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Dipyrone 471
14.5 Pharmacokinetics of Dipyrone 471
14.6 Chemical Structure and Maximum Residue Limit for Dipyrone 472
14.7 Determination of Metabolite Residues of Dipyrone in Bovine and Porcine Muscle Tissues—LC-UV and LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20747-2006) 474
14.7.1 Scope 474
14.7.2 Principle 474
14.7.3 Reagents and Materials 474
14.7.4 Apparatus 475
14.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 475
14.7.6 Determination 476
14.7.7 Precision 479
14.7.8 Recovery 479
Researchers 484
Further Reading 484
14.8 Determination of Metabolite Residues of Dipyrone in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22971-2008) 484
14.8.1 Scope 484
14.8.2 Principle 485
14.8.3 Reagents and Materials 485
14.8.4 Apparatus 486
14.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 486
14.8.6 Determination 487
14.8.7 Precision 488
14.8.8 Recovery 493
Researchers 493
15. Quinoxaline 495
15.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Carbadox and Olaquindox 495
15.2 Pharmacokinetics of Carbadox and Olaquindox 496
15.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Carbadox and Olaquindox 496
15.4 Determination of the Residues of Carbadox,Olaquindox, and Related Metabolites in Bovine and Porcine Liver and Muscle Tissues—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 20746-2006) 498
15.4.1 Scope 498
15.4.2 Principle 498
15.4.3 Reagents and Materials 498
15.4.4 Apparatus 499
15.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 499
15.4.6 Determination 500
15.4.7 Precision 504
15.4.8 Recovery 504
Researchers 506
Further Reading 506
15.5 Determination of the Residues of Metabolites of Carbadox and Olaquindox in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22984-2008) 506
15.5.1 Scope 506
15.5.2 Principle 506
15.5.3 Reagents and Material 507
15.5.4 Apparatus 507
15.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 508
15.5.6 Determination 508
15.5.7 Precision 510
15.5.8 Recovery 510
Researchers 514
16. Nitroimidazole 515
16.1 Curative Effect and Side Effects of Nitroimidazoles 515
16.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Nitroimidazoles 515
16.3 Determination of Metronidazole, Ronidazole, and Dimetridazole Residues in Honey—LC-VU Method (GB/T 18932.26-2005) 516
16.3.1 Scope 516
16.3.2 Principle 516
16.3.3 Reagents and Materials 517
16.3.4 Apparatus 517
16.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 517
16.3.6 Determination 518
16.3.7 Precision 518
16.3.8 Recovery 520
Researchers 520
Further Reading 521
16.4 Determination of Metronidazole, Ronidazole, and Dimetridazole Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20744-2006) 521
16.4.1 Scope 521
16.4.2 Principle 521
16.4.3 Reagents and Materials 521
16.4.4 Apparatus 522
16.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 522
16.4.6 Determination 523
16.4.7 Precision 523
16.4.8 Recovery 526
Researchers 526
Further Reading 526
16.5 Determination of Metronidazole, Ronidazole, and Dimetridazole Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22982-2008) 527
16.5.1 Scope 527
16.5.2 Principle 527
16.5.3 Reagents and Materials 527
16.5.4 Apparatus 528
16.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 528
16.5.6 Determination 529
16.5.7 Precision 531
16.5.8 Recovery 533
Researchers 534
16.6 Determination of Nitroimidazole Residues in Royal Jelly and Lyophilized Royal Jelly Farina—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22949-2008) 535
16.6.1 Scope 535
16.6.2 Principle 535
16.6.3 Reagents and Materials 535
16.6.4 Apparatus 536
16.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 537
16.6.6 Determination 537
16.6.7 Precision 543
16.6.8 Recovery 543
Researchers 543
17. Benzimidazole 551
17.1 Determination of Thiabendazole, Albendazole,Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole, and Febantel Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—HPLC-MS-MS (GB/T 22972-2008) 551
17.1.1 Scope 551
17.1.2 Principle 551
17.1.3 Reagents and Materials 551
17.1.4 Apparatus 552
17.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 552
17.1.6 Determination 553
17.1.7 Precision 555
17.1.8 Recovery 559
Researchers 559
17.2 Determination of Benzimidazole Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22955-2008) 559
17.2.1 Scope 559
17.2.2 Principle 559
17.2.3 Reagents and Materials 559
17.2.4 Apparatus 561
17.2.5 Sample Pretreatment 561
17.2.6 Determination 562
17.2.7 Precision 565
17.2.8 Recovery 567
Researchers 570
18. Levamisole 571
18.1 Determination of Levamisole Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22994-2008) 571
18.1.1 Scope 571
18.1.2 Principle 571
18.1.3 Reagents and Materials 571
18.1.4 Apparatus 572
18.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 572
18.1.6 Determination 573
18.1.7 Precision 575
18.1.8 Recovery 575
Researchers 576
Further Reading 576
19. Thiourea 577
19.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Thiouracil 577
19.2 Chemical Character and Maximum Residue Limit of 2-Thiouracil, Methyl Thiouracil, Propyl Thiouracil, Tapazole,and 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole 577
19.3 Determination of 2-Thiouracil, Methyl Thiouracil,Propyl Thiouracil, Tapazole and 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Residues in Bovine Thyroid and Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20742-2006) 579
19.3.1 Scope 579
19.3.2 Principle 579
19.3.3 Reagents and Materials 579
19.3.4 Apparatus 580
19.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 580
19.3.6 Determination 581
19.3.7 Precision 586
19.3.8 Recovery 586
Researchers 586
Further Reading 586
20. Polyether 587
20.1 Determination of Six Polyether Antibiotic Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22983-2008) 587
20.1.1 Scope 587
20.1.2 Principle 587
20.1.3 Reagents and Materials 587
20.1.4 Apparatus 588
20.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 588
20.1.6 Determination 589
20.1.7 Precision 590
20.1.8 Recovery 595
Researchers 598
Further Reading 598
Index 599
