C++大学教程(第9版)(英文版)

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Computers and the Internet in Industry and Research 2
1.3 Hardware and Software 4
1.4 Data Hierarchy 6
1.5 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages 7
1.6 C++ 8
1.7 Programming Languages 9
1.8 Introduction to Object Technology 10
1.9 Typical C++ Development Environment 13
1.10 Test-Driving a C++ Application 15
1.11 Operating Systems 20
1.12 The Internet and World Wide Web 22
1.13 Some Key Software Development Terminology 23
1.14 C++11 and the Open Source Boost Libraries 25
1.15 Keeping Up to Date with Information Technologies 25
1.16 Web Resources 26
Chapter 2 Introduction to C++ Programming; Input/Output and Operators 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 First Program in C++: Printing a Line of Text 32
2.3 Modifying Our First C++ Program 35
2.4 Another C++ Program: Adding Integers 36
2.5 Memory Concepts 39
2.6 Arithmetic 40
2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 43
2.8 Wrap-Up 47
Chapter 3 Introduction to Classes, Objects and Strings 55
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Defining a Class with a Member Function 56
3.3 Defining a Member Function with a Parameter 58
3.4 Data Members, set Member Functions and get Member Functions 61
3.5 Initializing Objects with Constructors 66
3.6 Placing a Class in a Separate File for Reusability 69
3.7 Separating Interface from Implementation 72
3.8 Validating Data with set Functions 76
3.9 Wrap-Up 80
Chapter 4 Control Statements: Part 1; Assignment, ++ and - - Operators 87
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Algorithms 88
4.3 Pseudocode 88
4.4 Control Structures 89
4.5 if Selection Statement 92
4.6 if…else Double-Selection Statement 93
4.7 while Repetition Statement 97
4.8 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition 98
4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 103
4.10 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements 111
4.11 Assignment Operators 116
4.12 Increment and Decrement Operators 116
4.13 Wrap-Up 118
Chapter 5 Control Statements: Part 2; Logical Operators 131
5.1 Introduction 131
5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition 132
5.3 for Repetition Statement 133
5.4 Examples Using the for Statement 136
5.5 do…while Repetition Statement 140
5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 141
5.7 break and continue Statements 148
5.8 Logical Operators 150
5.9 Confusing the Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operators 153
5.10 Structured Programming Summary 154
5.11 Wrap-Up 158
Chapter 6 Functions and an Introduction to Recursion 167
6.1 Introduction 168
6.2 Program Components in C++ 168
6.3 Math Library Functions 169
6.4 Function Definitions with Multiple Parameters 170
6.5 Function Prototypes and Argument Coercion 174
6.6 C++ Standard Library Headers 176
6.7 Case Study: Random Number Generation 177
6.8 Case Study: Game of Chance; Introducing enum 182
6.9 C++11 Random Numbers 185
6.10 Storage Classes and Storage Duration 186
6.11 Scope Rules 189
6.12 Function Call Stack and Activation Records 191
6.13 Functions with Empty Parameter Lists 194
6.14 Inline Functions 195
6.15 References and Reference Parameters 196
6.16 Default Arguments 198
6.17 Unary Scope Resolution Operator 200
6.18 Function Overloading 200
6.19 Function Templates 203
6.20 Recursion 205
6.21 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series 208
6.22 Recursion vs. Iteration 210
6.23 Wrap-Up 213
Chapter 7 Class Templates array and vector; Catching Exceptions 232
7.1 Introduction 233
7.2 arrays 233
7.3 Declaring arrays 234
7.4 Examples Using arrays 235
7.5 Range-Based for Statement 244
7.6 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an array to Store Grades 246
7.7 Sorting and Searching arrays 251
7.8 Multidimensional arrays 252
7.9 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional array 255
7.10 Introduction to C++ Standard Library Class Template vector 260
7.11 Wrap-Up 264
Chapter 8 Pointers 279
8.1 Introduction 280
8.2 Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization 280
8.3 Pointer Operators 281
8.4 Pass-by-Reference with Pointers 283
8.5 Built-In Arrays 287
8.6 Using const with Pointers 289
8.7 sizeof Operator 292
8.8 Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic 294
8.9 Relationship Between Pointers and Built-In Arrays 296
8.10 Pointer-Based Strings 299
8.11 Wrap-Up 301
Chapter 9 Classes: A Deeper Look; Throwing Exceptions 316
9.1 Introduction 317
9.2 Time Class Case Study 317
9.3 Class Scope and Accessing Class Members 323
9.4 Access Functions and Utility Functions 324
9.5 Time Class Case Study: Constructors with Default Arguments 324
9.6 Destructors 328
9.7 When Constructors and Destructors Are Called 329
9.8 Time Class Case Study: A Subtle Trap― Returning a Reference or a Pointer to a private Data Member 331
9.9 Default Memberwise Assignment 334
9.10 const Objects and const Member Functions 335
9.11 Composition: Objects as Members of Classes 337
9.12 friend Functions and friend Classes 341
9.13 Using the this Pointer 343
9.14 static Class Members 347
9.15 Wrap-Up 351
Chapter 10 Operator Overloading; Class string 361
10.1 Introduction 362
10.2 Using the Overloaded Operators of Standard Library Class string 362
10.3 Fundamentals of Operator Overloading 365
10.4 Overloading Binary Operators 366
10.5 Overloading the Binary Stream Insertion and Stream Extraction Operators 367
10.6 Overloading Unary Operators 370
10.7 Overloading the Unary Prefix and Postfix ++ and -- Operators 370
10.8 Case Study: A Date Class 371
10.9 Dynamic Memory Management 375
10.10 Case Study: Array Class 377
10.11 Operators as Member vs. Non-Member Functions 387
10.12 Converting Between Types 388
10.13 explicit Constructors and Conversion Operators 389
10.14 Overloading the Function Call Operator () 391
10.15 Wrap-Up 392
Chapter 11 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance 402
11.1 Introduction 402
11.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes 403
11.3 Relationship between Base and Derived Classes 405
11.4 Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes 422
11.5 public, protected and private Inheritance 424
11.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance 425
11.7 Wrap-Up 425
Chapter 12 Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism 431
12.1 Introduction 432
12.2 Introduction to Polymorphism: Polymorphic Video Game 432
12.3 Relationships Among Objects in an Inheritance Hierarchy 433
12.4 Type Fields and switch Statements 443
12.5 Abstract Classes and Pure virtual Functions 444
12.6 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 445
12.7 (Optional) Polymorphism, Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding “Under the Hood” 456
12.8 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism and Runtime Type Information with Downcasting, dynamic_cast, typeid and type_info 459
12.9 Wrap-Up 462
Chapter 13 Stream Input/Output: A Deeper Look 468
13.1 Introduction 469
13.2 Streams 469
13.3 Stream Output 472
13.4 Stream Input 473
13.5 Unformatted I/O Using read, write and gcount 476
13.6 Introduction to Stream Manipulators 477
13.7 Stream Format States and Stream Manipulators 481
13.8 Stream Error States 488
13.9 Tying an Output Stream to an Input Stream 490
13.10 Wrap-Up 490
Chapter 14 File Processing 499
14.1 Introduction 499
14.2 Files and Streams 500
14.3 Creating a Sequential File 500
14.4 Reading Data from a Sequential File 504
14.5 Updating Sequential Files 508
14.6 Random-Access Files 508
14.7 Creating a Random-Access File 509
14.8 Writing Data Randomly to a Random-Access File 513
14.9 Reading from a Random-Access File Sequentially 514
14.10 Case Study: A Transaction-Processing Program 516
14.11 Object Serialization 521
14.12 Wrap-Up 521
Chapter 15 Standard Library Containers and Iterators 530
15.1 Introduction 531
15.2 Introduction to Containers 532
15.3 Introduction to Iterators 535
15.4 Introduction to Algorithms 538
15.5 Sequence Containers 539
15.6 Associative Containers 550
15.7 Container Adapters 557
15.8 Class bitset 561
15.9 Wrap-Up 562
Chapter 16 Standard Library Algorithms 573
16.1 Introduction 573
16.2 Minimum Iterator Requirements 574
16.3 Algorithms 575
16.4 Function Objects 600
16.5 Lambda Expressions 603
16.6 Standard Library Algorithm Summary 604
16.7 Wrap-Up 605
Chapter 17 Exception Handling: A Deeper Look 613
17.1 Introduction 613
17.2 Example: Handling an Attempt to Divide by Zero 614
17.3 Rethrowing an Exception 618
17.4 Stack Unwinding 620
17.5 When to Use Exception Handling 621
17.6 Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handling 622
17.7 Exceptions and Inheritance 622
17.8 Processing new Failures 623
17.9 Class unique_ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocation 625
17.10 Standard Library Exception Hierarchy 627
17.11 Wrap-Up 628
Chapter 18 Introduction to Custom Templates 634
18.1 Introduction 634
18.2 Class Templates 635
18.3 Function Template to Manipulate a Class-Template Specialization Object 638
18.4 Nontype Parameters 640
18.5 Default Arguments for Template Type Parameters 640
18.6 Overloading Function Templates 640
18.7 Wrap-Up 641
Chapter 19 Custom Templatized Data Structures 644
19.1 Introduction 644
19.2 Self-Referential Classes 645
19.3 Linked Lists 646
19.4 Stacks 657
19.5 Queues 660
19.6 Trees 663
19.7 Wrap-Up 669
Chapter 20 Searching and Sorting 680
20.1 Introduction 680
20.2 Searching Algorithms 681
20.3 Sorting Algorithms 687
20.4 Wrap-Up 696
Chapter 21 Class string and String Stream Processing: A Deeper Look 702
21.1 Introduction 703
21.2 string Assignment and Concatenation 704
21.3 Comparing strings 705
21.4 Substrings 707
21.5 Swapping strings 708
21.6 string Characteristics 708
21.7 Finding Substrings and Characters in a string 710
21.8 Replacing Characters in a string 711
21.9 Inserting Characters into a string 713
21.10 Conversion to Pointer-Based char * Strings 713
21.11 Iterators 715
21.12 String Stream Processing 715
21.13 C++11 Numeric Conversion Functions 718
21.14 Wrap-Up 719
Chapter 22 Bits, Characters, C Strings and structs 726
22.1 Introduction 727
22.2 Structure Definitions 727
22.3 typedef 728
22.4 Example: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 728
22.5 Bitwise Operators 730
22.6 Bit Fields 737
22.7 Character-Handling Library 740
22.8 C String-Manipulation Functions 744
22.9 C String-Conversion Functions 749
22.10 Search Functions of the C String-Handling Library 753
22.11 Memory Functions of the C String-Handling Library 756
22.12 Wrap-Up 759
Chapter 23 Other Topics 773
23.1 Introduction 773
23.2 const_cast Operator 774
23.3 mutable Class Members 775
23.4 namespaces 776
23.5 Operator Keywords 779
23.6 Pointers to Class Members (.* and -＞*) 781
23.7 Multiple Inheritance 782
23.8 Multiple Inheritance and virtual Base Classes 786
23.9 Wrap-Up 789
Appendix A Operator Precedence and Associativity 794
Appendix B ASCII Character Set 796
Appendix C Fundamental Types 797
Appendix D Number Systems 799
Appendix E Preprocessor 809
Index 819