CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 Natural Conditions of Inner Mongolia 1. Topography 2. Climate 3. Water resources Chapter 2 Plant Resources of Inner Mongolia 1. Plant resources of Inner Mongolia 1.1 Forest plant resources in Inner Mongolia 1.2 Grassland plant resources of Inner Mongolia 1.3 Inner Mongolian desert plant resources 1.4 Other plant resources of Inner Mongolia 2. Analysis of Inner Mongolia plant taxa and diversity 2.1 Statistics of general plant groups 2.2 Diversity of plant families . The diversity of plant genera Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Palynology 1. A brief history of the development of palynology 2. Morphological characteristics of pollen 2.1 The formation of pollen 2.2 The polarity and symmetry of pollen . Shape, size and coition of pollen 2.4 The aperture of pollen 2.5 Pollen wall structure and ornamentation Chapter 4 Research Methodologies and their Applications in Modern PollenMorphology 1. Researc ehoologies in modern pollen morphology 1.1 The collection of pollen specimens 1.2 Making pollen specimens 1.3 Observation and imaging 1.4 Pollen measurement 2. The effect of different environments on Inner Mongolian pollen morphology 3. Pollen dimorphism in plants 4. The role of pollen morphology in grassland science Chapter 5 Description of Pollen Morphology Ⅰ. Pinaceae Ⅱ. Ephedraceae Ⅲ. Salicaceae IV. Ulmaceae V. Polygonaceae VI. Chenopodiaceae VII. Amaranthaceae VIII. Caryophyllaceae IX. Ranunculaceae X . Papaveraceae XI. Cruciferae XII. Crassulaceae XIII. Rosaceae XIV. Leguminosae XV. Geraniaceae XVI. Linaceae XVII. Zygophyllceae XVIII. Rutaceae XIX. Polygalaceae XX. Euphorbiaceae XXI. Malvaceae XXII. Tamaricaceae XXIII. Cistaceae XXIV. Violaceae XXV. Thymelaeaceae XXVI. Elaeagnaceae XXVII. Cynomoriaceae XXVIII. Umbelere XXIX. Pyrolaceae XXX. Primulaceae XXXI. Oleaceae XXXII. Gentianaceae XXXIII. Convolvulaceae XXXIV. Boraginaceae XXXV. Verbenaceae XXXVI. Labiatae XXXVII. Solanaceae XXXVIII. Scrophulariaceae XXXIX. Bignoniaceae XL. Orobanchaceae XLI. Rubiaceae XLII. Caprifoliaceae XLIII.Valerianaceae XLIV. Dipsacaceae XLV. Coitae XLVI. Gramineae XLVII. Cyperaceae XLVIII. Liliaceae XLIX. Iridaceae References Latin Index